tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43817691593208780162024-03-13T06:08:53.103-04:00Charleston VoiceAn ethical person - like a politician, banker or lawyer - may know right from wrong, but unlike many of them, a moral person lives it. An Americanist first already knows that.
Bankers and their government agents will always act in their own best interests. Any residual benefit flowing down to the citizens by happenstance will just be litter.Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comBlogger7303110tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-50451004515605354562015-05-09T17:06:00.000-04:002015-05-09T17:10:07.301-04:00All B-Cruz: married into the TPP/NAU establishment <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Thursday, May 7, 2015
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<a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/2014/09/ted-cruz-married-to-establishment.html">
All B-Cruz: married into the TPP/NAU establishment
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Charleston Voice
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Not a US citizen? No problem, it doesn't matter anymore! ¿No un ciudadano estadounidense? ¡No hay problema, no importa más!</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EzyM_HeBHzRrlLxNs__WWGhAP-gRwWoUIUoRNff2bnwZ16bT_Kt49lpb3t02S4WzkcFiL0_fnzXGm9tJHclN8_fnpWlmxvMtznlrv23IpMofSqRyyPKDY5ugLDSuwVudelxWNWTn0Jc/s1600/Ted_Cruz_El_Cubano_De_Canada%CC%81_LARGE%5B1%5D.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EzyM_HeBHzRrlLxNs__WWGhAP-gRwWoUIUoRNff2bnwZ16bT_Kt49lpb3t02S4WzkcFiL0_fnzXGm9tJHclN8_fnpWlmxvMtznlrv23IpMofSqRyyPKDY5ugLDSuwVudelxWNWTn0Jc/s1600/Ted_Cruz_El_Cubano_De_Canada%CC%81_LARGE%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EzyM_HeBHzRrlLxNs__WWGhAP-gRwWoUIUoRNff2bnwZ16bT_Kt49lpb3t02S4WzkcFiL0_fnzXGm9tJHclN8_fnpWlmxvMtznlrv23IpMofSqRyyPKDY5ugLDSuwVudelxWNWTn0Jc/s400/Ted_Cruz_El_Cubano_De_Canada%CC%81_LARGE%5B1%5D.jpg" width="280" /></a><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">If
you consider yourself a Cruzer supporter watch where you step. If you
think the "tea party" is your safe haven, you'll be disappointed when
you find out it's just another appendage for GOP <a href="http://www.knology.net/%7Ebilrum/History.GIF" target="_blank">neocon</a> leadership propaganda. </span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">The
mouse trap is baited, don't lunge for the cheese. Promise us all you'll
jump off a bridge after you support whom you thought was the 'lesser of
two evils', when in fact there is no lesser! The Cruzer and an opponent
worship at other alters than you or me.</span></b></span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://americanvision.org/author/joel/" title="Posts by Dr. Joel McDurmon">Dr.
Joel McDurmon</a></span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://biblia.com/bible/esv/Mar%2010">Mar 10</a>, <a href="http://biblia.com/bible/esv/Mar%20201">201</a><a href="http://biblia.com/bible/esv/Mar%204">4</a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgELQ0aWqUdFnrXvJOhsTln1G_qd9B_6VHmElI7aWei1ez__fSiyytC3CkHU5W3AE4-OGIx32eu5kBhwmsvuOHgYcUOFgeJhtapH-V8RsReBEqVW-D3tylZAd5hw6FpWcPd4kkaUsgKJ9M/s1600/warren%2520buffett%2520lloyd%2520blankfein%5B1%5D.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><br />
<img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgELQ0aWqUdFnrXvJOhsTln1G_qd9B_6VHmElI7aWei1ez__fSiyytC3CkHU5W3AE4-OGIx32eu5kBhwmsvuOHgYcUOFgeJhtapH-V8RsReBEqVW-D3tylZAd5hw6FpWcPd4kkaUsgKJ9M/s1600/warren%20buffett%20lloyd%20blankfein%5B1%5D.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Good Fellas Blankfein, Goldman CEO and <br />Head <a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/2014/03/warren-buffet-spends-millions-funding.html" target="_blank">Abortion Meister Buffett</a></span></b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During his CPAC speech this weekend,
Senator Ted Cruz took shots at previous Republican presidential candidates
Dole, McCain, and Romney, for lacking a “clear distinction” from big-government
democrats. Well, I think Mr. Cruz has got some ‘splaining to do. It seems he’s
just as married—literally—to the establishment as any of them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A <a href="http://www.infowars.com/ted-cruzs-wife-is-a-goldman-sachs-vp/" target="_blank">report </a>from the ever-busy infowars.com reveals that Cruz’s
wife, Heidi, has some rather behemoth credentials:</span></div>
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Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-5297353725275503082015-05-07T17:09:00.000-04:002015-05-09T15:27:31.089-04:00All B-Cruz: married into the TPP/NAU establishment <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: large;">Not a US citizen? No problem, it doesn't matter anymore! ¿No un ciudadano estadounidense? ¡No hay problema, no importa más!</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EzyM_HeBHzRrlLxNs__WWGhAP-gRwWoUIUoRNff2bnwZ16bT_Kt49lpb3t02S4WzkcFiL0_fnzXGm9tJHclN8_fnpWlmxvMtznlrv23IpMofSqRyyPKDY5ugLDSuwVudelxWNWTn0Jc/s1600/Ted_Cruz_El_Cubano_De_Canada%CC%81_LARGE%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9EzyM_HeBHzRrlLxNs__WWGhAP-gRwWoUIUoRNff2bnwZ16bT_Kt49lpb3t02S4WzkcFiL0_fnzXGm9tJHclN8_fnpWlmxvMtznlrv23IpMofSqRyyPKDY5ugLDSuwVudelxWNWTn0Jc/s1600/Ted_Cruz_El_Cubano_De_Canada%CC%81_LARGE%5B1%5D.jpg" width="224" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">If you consider yourself a Cruzer supporter watch where you step. If you think the "tea party" is your safe haven, you'll be disappointed when you find out it's just another appendage for GOP <a href="http://www.knology.net/~bilrum/History.GIF" target="_blank">neocon</a> leadership propaganda. </span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">The mouse trap is baited, don't lunge for the cheese. Promise us all you'll jump off a bridge after you support whom you thought was the 'lesser of two evils', when in fact there is no lesser! The Cruzer and an opponent worship at other alters than you or me.</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://americanvision.org/author/joel/" title="Posts by Dr. Joel McDurmon">Dr.
Joel McDurmon</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://biblia.com/bible/esv/Mar%2010">Mar 10</a>, <a href="http://biblia.com/bible/esv/Mar%20201">201</a><a href="http://biblia.com/bible/esv/Mar%204">4</a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgELQ0aWqUdFnrXvJOhsTln1G_qd9B_6VHmElI7aWei1ez__fSiyytC3CkHU5W3AE4-OGIx32eu5kBhwmsvuOHgYcUOFgeJhtapH-V8RsReBEqVW-D3tylZAd5hw6FpWcPd4kkaUsgKJ9M/s1600/warren%2520buffett%2520lloyd%2520blankfein%5B1%5D.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgELQ0aWqUdFnrXvJOhsTln1G_qd9B_6VHmElI7aWei1ez__fSiyytC3CkHU5W3AE4-OGIx32eu5kBhwmsvuOHgYcUOFgeJhtapH-V8RsReBEqVW-D3tylZAd5hw6FpWcPd4kkaUsgKJ9M/s1600/warren%20buffett%20lloyd%20blankfein%5B1%5D.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Good Fellas Blankfein, Goldman CEO and <br />Head <a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/2014/03/warren-buffet-spends-millions-funding.html" target="_blank">Abortion Meister Buffett</a></span></b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During his CPAC speech this weekend,
Senator Ted Cruz took shots at previous Republican presidential candidates
Dole, McCain, and Romney, for lacking a “clear distinction” from big-government
democrats. Well, I think Mr. Cruz has got some ‘splaining to do. It seems he’s
just as married—literally—to the establishment as any of them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A <a href="http://www.infowars.com/ted-cruzs-wife-is-a-goldman-sachs-vp/" target="_blank">report </a>from the ever-busy infowars.com reveals that Cruz’s
wife, Heidi, has some rather behemoth credentials:</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cruz’s insider connection is a
family affair. His wife, Heidi, is a Goldman Sachs vice president in Houston,
Texas, according to her <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=13958155&authType=name&authToken=bhyK&locale=en_US&goback=.npv_13958155_*1_*1_name_bhyK_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a> profile. She also served as an economic
advisor for the Bush administration. In 2011, a Cruz campaign spokesman
portrayed Heidi as “an expert on North American trade,” in other words she is
savvy when it comes to globalist transnational trade deals like <a href="http://economyincrisis.org/content/nafta-helps-multinationals-while-hurting-america" target="_blank">NAFTA</a>, the single most destructive government move against
the American worker in history.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">She was also a term member of the
Council on Foreign Relations (see her <a href="http://www.cmc.edu/rdschool/discover/boardofadvisors.php" target="_blank">bio</a> at
Claremont McKenna College), a position that expired prior to her husband’s
attack on the globalist organization.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The details come from a <a href="http://www.cmc.edu/rdschool/discover/boardofadvisors.php" target="_blank">page</a>
listing Clermont-McKenna College’s Board of Advisors, on which Mrs. Cruz
apparently served. In addition to being one of only three of W’s economic
advisors,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">She also served in the
Administration as the economic director for the Western Hemisphere at the
National Security Council at the White House, advising the President and
then-National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice. She also is a former director
at the U.S. Treasury Department and was special policy assistant to Ambassador
Robert B. Zoellick, then Chief U.S. international trade negotiator.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It also reveals that before Goldman
Sachs, she worked for another tentacle of the vampire squid, JPMorgan,
“focusing on international structured finance.”</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GWBcQGi2_3uazE3HAZ-wsE9dEm1H_PiaWUroGlBmqkmh6j1TrYF5XDMOLSUOy50NKAqQRfLm7CRKH3fIWYS0bSQcW6SnEJ5irbReUCnEfpPJg1E_YpcLiViECyfVfirscseWLLwSuf4/s1600/fh4eca65e4%5B1%5D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GWBcQGi2_3uazE3HAZ-wsE9dEm1H_PiaWUroGlBmqkmh6j1TrYF5XDMOLSUOy50NKAqQRfLm7CRKH3fIWYS0bSQcW6SnEJ5irbReUCnEfpPJg1E_YpcLiViECyfVfirscseWLLwSuf4/s1600/fh4eca65e4%5B1%5D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">None of this says “Tea Party,”
“small government,” “sound money,” and contrary to Cruz’s latest pitch, it also
does not much support “standing on principle”—unless that “principle” is fiat
money, TARP bailouts, financing wars, revolving doors, etc.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now perhaps Mrs. Cruz’s career is
not representative of the Senator’s views. Or, if it is, perhaps the Senator
has changed views in recent years. He did later blast the CFR, but that seems
to have come only after his wife’s Term ended, and only when trying to present
himself as a Tea Party candidate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But Cruz has wasted no time showing
us to his views. Only a day after falling a distant second behind Ran Paul
(Paul 31%, Cruz only 11%) in the CPAC straw poll, Cruz took a swipe, albeit a
weak one, at Paul. Breitbart.com <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/Breitbart-TV/2014/03/09/Ted-Cruz-I-Dont-Stand-with-Rand-Paul-on-Foreign-Policy" target="_blank">reports</a> that despite being a “big fan” of Rand Paul, Cruz
stated, “I don’t agree with him on foreign policy.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There’s no doubt Paul is not an
imperialist or a warmonger, but he has certainly deviated from his father’s
uncompromising non-interventionism. When Fox News Sunday asked about his
foreign policy, Paul <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/03/09/paul-outlines-potential-2016-platform-fresh-off-cpac-straw-poll-victory/" target="_blank">answered</a>,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I see my foreign policy in the same
line as what came out of, probably, the first George Bush. Henry Kissinger
wrote something in the Washington Post two days ago [<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/henry-kissinger-to-settle-the-ukraine-crisis-start-at-the-end/2014/03/05/46dad868-a496-11e3-8466-d34c451760b9_story.html" target="_blank">here</a>] which I agree with. I see it coming out of the
mainstream of the Republican position.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I opposed with real fervor the
involvement of us in Syria, and that became the dominant position in the
country—both Republican and Democrat. There’s not one Republican who’s saying
we should put military troops in Crimea, in the Ukraine. So I think I’m right
in the middle of that position.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And I think that those who would try
to argue that somehow I’m different than the mainstream Republican opinion are
people who want to take advantage for their own personal political gain. I’m a
great believer in Ronald Reagan. I’m a great believer in a strong national
defense. . . .</span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s perhaps not surprising then
that in his sideswipe at Paul, Cruz didn’t really give any real specifics, just
vague sentimental references:</span></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">U.S. leadership is critical in the
world. I agree we should be reluctant to deploy military force aboard, but
there’s a vital role, just as Ronald Reagan did. When Ronald Reagan called the
Soviet Union an Evil Empire, when he stood in front of the Brandenburg Gate and
said ‘Tear down this wall.’ Those words changed the course of history. The
United States has a responsibility to defend our values.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Of course, Paul seems to share all
of these platitudes: who doesn’t believe in “defending our values”? Who doesn’t
believe in “U.S. leadership”? So as criticisms these fall flat.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The real questions are things like,
“Do we need 800 international military bases to accomplish this?” “Do we need
to maintain military bases in 63 countries?” “Do we need standing armies of
255,000 soldiers in foreign countries?” “Can anyone who believes in fiscal
responsibility and small government seriously maintain $680+ billions each year
in ‘defense’ spending?” And this is all not even considering the biblical
doctrines regard the military and war (Paul has <a href="http://www.christianpost.com/news/rand-paul-some-evangelicals-too-eager-for-war-93752/" target="_blank">hinted</a> at some. Cruz has not, as far as I know).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Since Paul shares the views Cruz
mentioned, it seems that Cruz is either uniformed (unlikely), dishonest
(harsh), or is engaging in careless political volleys.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Consider the results of CPAC, the
latter seems most likely.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In fairness, Cruz was asked about
Paul by an interviewer, so he had no choice but answer. But his answer is vague
grandstanding on things Paul agrees with.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So, if we are to believe that Cruz’s
answer distinguishes him from Paul somehow, then he must have very different
definitions of “U.S. leadership” and “defending our values” than those
articulated by Paul. For Cruz, these must be euphemisms for “imperialism” and
“interventionism.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If Cruz’s familial
associations—Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan, W, CFR— are any indication, then I think
we know the answer. I suspect there is, therefore, some truth in Infowar.com’s
conclusion:</span></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Like the domestication of the Tea
Party and the expulsion of its more purist liberty-minded activists, the Cruz
the warrior pitted against the establishment motif is another slick subversion
directed at the political elite’s most puissant opposition – the real Tea Party
and a threatening number of patriot activists gnawing at the edges of the
political establishment.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If Cruz gets more prominent for the
2016 primary, I suspect there will be an attempt to scrub these associations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UPDATE: <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Peace/2014/03/10/Rand-Paul-Reagans-Foreign-Policy" target="_blank">Paul fires back</a>:</span></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many forget today that Reagan’s
decision to meet with Mikhail Gorbachev was <a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/07/think_again_ronald_reagan" target="_blank">harshly criticized</a> by the <a href="http://articles.latimes.com/1987-09-06/news/mn-6253_1_arms-control" target="_blank">Republican hawks of his time</a>, some of whom would even call
Reagan an <a href="http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/289159/gingrich-and-reagan-elliott-abrams" target="_blank">appeaser</a>. In the Middle East, Reagan strategically pulled
back our forces after the tragedy in Lebanon in 1983 that killed 241 Marines,
realizing the cost of American lives was too great for the mission.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Without a clearly defined mission,
exit strategy or acceptable rationale for risking soldiers lives, Reagan
possessed the leadership to reassess and readjust.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Today, we forget that some of the
Republican hawks of his time criticized Reagan harshly for this too,
again, <a href="http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/appeasement-by-any-other-name/" target="_blank">calling him an appeaser</a>. . . .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How many leaders were as great as
Reagan, willing to admit their mistakes, learn from them and put their country
before their own reputation and legacy?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Today’s Republicans should
concentrate on establishing their own identities and agendas, as opposed to
simply latching onto Ronald Reagan’s legacy—or worse, misrepresenting it.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Source
<a href="http://americanvision.org/10240/ted-cruz-married-establishment/">AmericanVision</a></span></blockquote>
</div>
Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-26780105797657041182015-05-07T16:28:00.000-04:002015-05-08T15:50:28.319-04:00Cancer and other Cures Frustrated by Rockefellers and the FDA *vid*<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;">For more on how these tax-exempt foundations have corrupted our country with money gifted from us go <b><a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/search/label/Tax-free%20Foundations" target="_blank">here.</a></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>For another youtube expose of the FDA, go <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTEFAeVBdKw&feature=em-uploademail" target="_blank">here </a></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: large;">For the extensive video gallery of the Rockefellers and their co-conspirators go to bottom of this post.</span><br />
<div id="watch-uploader-info">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/X6J_7PvWoMw?feature=player_detailpage" width="640"></iframe>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Published on Mar 12, 2014</b>
</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div id="watch-description-text">
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div id="eow-description">
<span style="font-size: large;">SHOW NOTES AND MP3: As Americans fret about the Obamacare website and wonder how the country became enslaved to the high.<br /><br />The
modern day mainstream medical industry has a dubious history, deeply
rooted by a drive for profit through the subversion and suppression of
non-profitabl.<br /><br />Alex Jones Radio show 5th of January 2009
broadcast. Dr. Russell Blaylock talks to Alex about the Rockefellers and
their eugenics programs and how it all cam.<br /><br />Part of a Eustace Mullins interview by wa5dxp, May 22, 2005. <br /><br />Global Sciences Congress, December 1, 1990, Tampa, Florida.<br /><br />An
exploration of the mission and history and an overview of some current
research underway at The Rockefeller University Hospital. The Hospital,
which is ce.<br /><br />How ROCKEFELLER ruined our Medical industry, hiding a
simple cure for ALL diseases, even terminal cancer, for nearly free and
no danger -- contrary to Corbot.<br /><br />J'ai créé cette vidéo à l'aide de l'application de montage de vidéos YouTube ( A senior UN counter-terrorism official is to as.<br /><br />The
good folks at Natural News put together this short - but extremely
revealing - video about the origins of both the American Medical
Association and the n.<br /><br />The Rockefeller Foundation was first set
up in 1904 and called the General Education Fund. An organization called
the Rockefeller Foundation, ostensibly to s.<br /><br />J'ai créé cette vidéo à l'aide de l'application de montage de vidéos YouTube ( A senior UN counter-terrorism official is to as.<br /><br />This
is a video of the Rockefeller Estate. It is the home that John D.
Rockefeller, the nations first billionaire, called Kykuit - dutch for
lookout, because.<br /><br />Rockefeller was used to tough situations from a
young age. Watch his story in The Men Who Built America exclusively on
HISTORY (Sky 529, Virgin Media 234, BT.<br /><br />Rockefeller University
cell biologist Ralph M. Steinman, who discovered the immune system's
sentinel dendritic cells and demonstrated that science can fruitf.<br /><br />David
Rockefeller, youngest son of the late John D. Rockefeller Jr.,
discusses his new book, Memoirs, with UCSD history Professor Michael E.
Parrish. Serie.<br /><br />Quelle: The Rockefeller Medicine http.<br /><br />Eustace
Mullins in the Bobby Lee Show in 1992 on the Rockefeller Medical
Monopoly and the matching cancer industry, the profits of cancer, death
and vaccinat.<br /><br />This is one of the Billionaires mentioned who decide who lives and who dies, pay attention to what he is saying and why.<br /><br />Voices
for National Service and ServiceNation, in partnership with AmeriCorps
Alums, have launched the I Serve Because. Video Contest. This is why I
serv.<br /><br />7 minute vid starts out at President Garfield's monument and tomb. Then we parked and walked up to the Rockefeller family plot.<br /><br />Chairman
John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV gave an opening statement at the U.S.
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation hearing on
June 26, 201.<br /><br />Les Rockefeller - 1l3.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #6fa8dc;"><span style="font-size: large;">This is the video gallery of subversive activities of the Rockefellers and their agents. </span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLNq-5KOMCyljq555QJmSbSkM0RW-hlYFI" width="640"></iframe>
</div>
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_pnVTrS9suSbGUGlGyLwE_6LoLhyphenhyphenOymTji16pRGL-hiMva6XZOWTCacTaLzJKOCNcdWUId9JW6TaGe5Era2LKOizP-JPwwx59_JjhGP-6kYCJofIgjbxjrR_CJ7esOnwIp4uHfs9jSNI/s1600/rockefellermedicinevid.JPG" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_pnVTrS9suSbGUGlGyLwE_6LoLhyphenhyphenOymTji16pRGL-hiMva6XZOWTCacTaLzJKOCNcdWUId9JW6TaGe5Era2LKOizP-JPwwx59_JjhGP-6kYCJofIgjbxjrR_CJ7esOnwIp4uHfs9jSNI/s320/rockefellermedicinevid.JPG" /></a></div>
</div>
Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-83922079967900640602015-05-07T10:45:00.000-04:002015-05-07T10:48:50.790-04:00US CORPORATE DESTROYERS URGING NEXT FASCIST FAST TRACK ATTACK 0N AMERICA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="node__title managed-node-title">
<span style="font-size: large;">Wall Street Titans Who Crashed Global Economy in 2008 Go Big for TPP </span></h1>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<div class="field field--name-field-subtitle field--type-text-long field--label-hidden">
<div class="field__items">
<div class="field__item even">
<span style="font-size: large;">As
billionaire class and financial elites push corporate-friendly pact,
new data shows empty promises and 'job-killing' reality of previous
agreements</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field-wrapper content-container clearfix inline-fields" id="field-wrapper-authors">
<div class="grouping-prefix">
<span style="font-size: large;">by</span></div>
<div class="profile-titles clearfix">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/author/jon-queally-staff-writer" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jon Queally, staff writer</a></span></div>
</div>
<div class="shareaholic-canvas shareaholic-ui shareaholic-resolved-canvas ng-scope" data-app-id="6840204" data-app="share_buttons" data-link="http://www.commondreams.org/news/2015/05/06/wall-street-titans-who-crashed-global-economy-2008-go-big-tpp" data-summary="" data-title="Wall Street Titans Who Crashed Global Economy in 2008 Go Big for TPP" id="shr_canvas2">
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<div class="shareaholic-canvas shareaholic-ui shareaholic-resolved-canvas ng-scope" data-app-id="6840204" data-app="share_buttons" data-link="http://www.commondreams.org/news/2015/05/06/wall-street-titans-who-crashed-global-economy-2008-go-big-tpp" data-summary="" data-title="Wall Street Titans Who Crashed Global Economy in 2008 Go Big for TPP" id="shr_canvas2">
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<div class="discourse-comments-link">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://commons.commondreams.org/t/wall-street-titans-who-crashed-global-economy-in-2008-go-big-for-tpp/8056" target="_blank"> </a></span></div>
<div class="field field--name-field-article-img field--type-image field--label-hidden">
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<div class="field__item even">
<span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="" class="caption-processed" src="http://www.commondreams.org/sites/default/files/styles/cd_large/public/headlines/titans.jpg?itok=E3sZzkCj" height="500" width="955" /></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Executives
from the financial institutions who received TARP funds, (L-R) Goldman
Sachs Chairman and CEO Lloyd Blankfein, JPMorgan Chase & Co Chairman
and CEO Jamie Dimon, The Bank of New York Mellon CEO Robert P. Kelly,
Bank of America CEO Ken Lewis and State Street Corporation CEO and
Chairman Ronald Logue testify before the House Financial Services
Committee February 11, 2009 in Washington, DC. (Photo: Chip
Somodevilla/Getty Images)</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="copy-paste-block">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: medium;">[CV ...a trinational, Independent Task Force on the Future of North
America has developed a roadmap to promote North American security and
advance the well-being of citizens of all three countries<a href="http://./">.</a></span> <a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/2014/09/tea-party-darling-ted-cruz-and-his.html" target="_blank">Read more] and more</a><a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/2014/09/tea-party-darling-ted-cruz-and-his.html" target="_blank"> ...</a><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/2014/09/ted-cruz-married-to-establishment.html" target="_blank">Ted Cruz: married to the establishment </a></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="copy-paste-block">
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><h1 class="title">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">[CV ... <span id="goog_570724423"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/">Rand Paul Supports the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Trade Deal.<span id="goog_570724424"></span></a> <a href="http://www.dailypaul.com/328808/rand-paul-supports-the-trans-pacific-partnership-tpp-trade-deal" target="_blank">Read more</a></span></span></h1>
</li>
</ol>
<a href="http://www.dailypaul.com/328808/rand-paul-supports-the-trans-pacific-partnership-tpp-trade-deal" target="_blank"> </a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden">
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<span style="font-size: large;">Even as millions and millions of Americans—represented <a href="http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2015/04/28/2009-organizations-call-congress-oppose-fast-track-authority-tpp">by thousands of labor, environmental, family farm, consumer, faith, Internet freedom and other advocacy organizations</a>—continue
to stand firmly in opposition to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, those
backing the TPP, including President Obama and a large majority of the
Republican caucus, still have two dedicated demographic groups pledging
their allegiance to the cause and arguing the so-called "free trade
agreement (FTA)" would be good for average workers and the economy
overall: billionaires and Wall Street titans.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">As Zach Carter of the <i>Huffington Post</i> <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/05/billionaires-trade-deal_n_7216344.html">reports</a>:</span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Last week, dozens of New York City's power elite <a href="http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/pfnycletter.pdf">signed a letter</a>
to the state's congressional delegation, urging lawmakers to support
the Trans-Pacific Partnership now in negotiations. Democrats in Congress
largely oppose the TPP, and Republican leaders have said <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/30/democrats-trans-pacific-partnership-obama_n_7175186.html">they don't</a> <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/03/john-boehner-hillary-clinton-trade_n_7199668.html">have the votes</a> needed to pass it without Democratic support.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">But while Obama has struggled to win over members of his own party -- he has been <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/25/elizabeth-warren-tells-ob_n_7142850.html">publicly feuding</a> with <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/24/obama-tears-into-elizabet_n_7137854.html">Sen. Elizabeth Warren</a>
(D-Mass.) -- wealthy CEOs probably aren't the ideal pitchmen to
skeptical Democrats. Even if their letter hails the TPP as "a catalyst
for creating new jobs in the United States" that will benefit "American
workers in a broad range of industries."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Fox News mogul Rupert
Murdoch signed the letter. So did Steven Schwarzman, who once compared
the prospect of raising taxes on private equity magnates like himself to
<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/business/andrew-clark-on-america/2010/aug/17/privateequity-secondworldwar">Hitler's invasion of Poland</a>. John Paulson, the Republican mega-donor who made a fortune <a href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/goldman-charged-with-fraud-over-paulson-cdo-trade-2010-04-16">betting against the housing market with Goldman Sachs</a>, is also a signee. So is vulture investor Wilbur Ross, who <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/search.php?&name=Wilbur%20Ross&employ=&cand=&state=FL&cycle=All&soft=&zip=&sort=R&page=1">spent six figures</a>
to support GOP nominee Mitt Romney in 2012 and has backed such
conservative hardliners as Sen. Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) and former Rep.
Allen West (R-Fla.).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Other signatories include real estate billionaire Jerry Speyer, who recently <a href="http://observer.com/2015/02/high-dollar-kravis-funder-for-bush-raises-more-than-4-million/">attended</a> a <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2015/02/jeb-bush-fundraiser-100k-per-ticket-115086.html">$100,000-per-person</a>
fundraiser to bolster former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush's White House hopes.
The host of that event, private equity kingpin Henry Kravis, also
signed.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">News of the letter, which can be read in full <a href="http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/pfnycletter.pdf">here</a>, came on the same day as <a href="http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/index.html">new trade data</a>
released by the U.S. Census Bureau, covering the full first three years
of the bilateral trade deal between the U.S. and South Korea, revealed
that the U.S. goods trade deficit with that country has more than
doubled since the agreement, first signed in 2007 and amended in 2010,
was implemented.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">What the new data shows, according to the advocacy group Public
Citizen, is economic outcomes that are the opposite of the Obama
administration’s "<a href="https://ustr.gov/uskoreaFTA">more exports, more jobs</a>"
promise used to push through that deal, which are the same promises the
administration and those supporting TPP are now using as they attempt
to persuade Congress to approve Fast Track authority and ram it through
Congress without debate or amendment.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The new economic statistics, explains Public Citizen, offer a damning indictment of the promises on which such deals are sold:</span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">U.S. goods exports to Korea have dropped 6 percent, or
$2.7 billion, under the Korea FTA’s first three years, while goods
imports from Korea have surged 19 percent, or $11.3 billion (comparing
the deal’s third year to the year before implementation). As a result,
the U.S. goods trade deficit with Korea has swelled 104 percent, or more
than $14 billion. The trade deficit increase equates to the loss of
more than 93,000 American jobs in the first three years of the Korea
FTA, counting both exports and imports, according to the trade-jobs <a href="http://trade.gov/publications/pdfs/exports-support-american-jobs.pdf">ratio</a> that the Obama administration used to project <i>gains</i> from the deal." [...]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Record-breaking
U.S. trade deficits with Korea have become the new normal under the FTA
– in 35 of the 36 months since the Korea FTA took effect, the U.S.
goods trade deficit with Korea has exceeded the average monthly trade
deficit seen in the three years before the deal. In January 2015, the
monthly U.S. goods trade deficit with Korea topped $3 billion – the
highest level on record.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">The administration has tried to deflect
attention from the failure of its Korea FTA by claiming that its poor
performance has been caused by economic stagnation in Korea. However,
Korea’s economy <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG">has grown </a>during each year of the Korea FTA, while U.S. exports to Korea have not.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Despite those figures and the collapse of the U.S. manufacturing
sector in the age of neoliberal globalization, the repeated line from
TPP supporters is that these deals are 'job creators.' As the letter
from the billionaire elites to the New York Congressional Delegation
stated, "TPP would be a catalyst for creating new jobs in the United
States, attracting more foreign investment to this country, and
benefitting American workers in a broad range of industries."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">But that's simply not what the evidence from past FTAs shows, said
Lori Wallach, director of Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch, in a
statement on Tuesday.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"Who’s going to buy the argument about Fast Track and the TPP
creating 'more exports, more jobs' when Obama’s only major trade deal,
used as the TPP template, was sold under that very slogan and yet has
done the opposite?"</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">And Dave Johnson, from the Campaign for America's Future, explained
in a Tuesday post how none of this "just happened" by accident, but that
corporate-friendly trade policies have created these 'job-killing'
conditions:</span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Globalization is not some kind of inevitable natural
process of history that has caught up with us. This was and is the
result of intentional policy choices, designed to force
deindustrialization, break unions, drive down wages and benefits and
increase inequality as that pay differential is pocketed by a few. This
is the result of the “free market, free trade” ideology that rose up in
the late 70s. Free trade policy was and is designed to give a few
plutocrats and their giant corporations — “the 1 percent” — increased
power over governments.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Dean Baker, in “<a href="http://www.cepr.net/blogs/beat-the-press/globalization-was-policy-not-something-that-happened">Globalization Was Policy, Not Something That Happened</a>,”
explained, “… inequality, like the path of globalization, is not
something that happened. It was and is the result of conscious policy.
We won’t be able to deal with it effectively until we acknowledge this
simple fact.”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">In his reporting for <i>Huffington Post</i>, Carter makes it clear
that it wasn't only billionaires who signed the letter urging for Fast
Track and TPP approval. Some, he told his readers, were "merely
millionaire CEOs" like Goldman Sach's Lloyd Blankfein, Kenneth Chenault
of American Express, and JP Morgan's Jamie Dimon.</span></div>
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Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-2282302864808923972015-05-06T20:58:00.000-04:002015-05-07T07:33:29.459-04:00DEATH STALKS US SAILORS JUST BENEATH THEIR UNWARY CREWS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<section class="storytopbar-bucket story-byline-module" id="module-position-OF-sGFlU6Oo"><div class="asset-metabar" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="asset-metabar-author asset-metabar-item" itemprop="name">
By Christopher P. Cavas
</span><span class="asset-metabar-time asset-metabar-item nobyline">4:25 p.m. EST January 24, 2015</span></span></div>
</section><br />
<div class="story-asset story-leadin-asset" id="module-position-OF-sGHeeVPQ">
<h2 class="lead-in">
<span style="font-size: large;">Despite Numbers, Experts Question Combat Effectiveness</span></h2>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="Severodvinsk nuclear submarine joins Russian Navy" class="expand-img-horiz" data-mycapture-src="http://www.gannett-cdn.com/media/2015/01/23/DefenseNews/DefenseNews/635576036008898700-tassphotoslive501430.jpg" src="http://www.gannett-cdn.com/-mm-/696f97a759dae20ca25a861775168e1177454a25/c=342-0-3078-2057&r=x404&c=534x401/local/-/media/2015/01/23/DefenseNews/DefenseNews/635576036008898700-tassphotoslive501430.jpg" itemprop="url" /><span class="toggle"></span></span></div>
<div class="image-credit-wrap">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="js-caption-wrapper"><span class="credit">(Photo: Larionov Vladimir Yefimovich, ITAR-TASS/Newscom)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">WASHINGTON — The Russian Navy's submarine force is on a roll.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Four
different kinds of submarines are under construction and more are
coming. The country expects to lay down five new nuclear submarines in
2015.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The Navy is accepting Borey-class nuclear-powered ballistic
missile submarines, Yasen-class nuclear attack submarines, and Kilo- and
Lada-class diesel electric attack submarines. Six Kilos are being built
for Vietnam and more are offered for export.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">This rate of
construction is beginning to look more like Cold War days rather than
the lethargic shipbuilding rates prevalent since the 1990s.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">By
comparison, the US only recently returned to building two nuclear attack
submarines per year, and industry is gearing up to begin construction
of a new class of ballistic submarines in 2021 — a three-subs-per-year
construction rate not seen since the Reagan era.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Combine the
revived Russian submarine construction rate with President Vladimir
Putin's aggressive stances of the past year, along with the steady
drumbeat of Chinese naval expansion, and the question might be asked —
is a submarine race going on?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"I know a lot of folks like the term
arms race, but I think it's more complicated than that," said Thomas
Mahnken, a former US defense official and now a professor at the Naval
War College. "There's definitely competition going on — with the US,
other NATO navies, China — but there's also modernization going on. An
increasing portion of what Russia is doing is replacing aging systems or
systems that already have been retired."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"I would be skeptical,"
cautioned Norman Friedman, a longtime naval analyst and author. "There's
a history in that country of laying down things that don't get finished
for a long time. No question they'll lay down the subs, but actually
building them after that is a more interesting question."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The
Russians frequently issue proclamations that they intend to increase
naval construction, including statements about building a fleet of
aircraft carriers. But ship construction remains modest, and the Navy
remains largely a collection of Cold War relics. Yet Russia has a long
tradition of building tough and innovative submarines.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"The
Russians have put their money where their mouth is with regard to
submarine construction and development," said Bryan Clark, a former US
Navy submariner and strategist, now an analyst with the Center for
Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. "They see that as a way to generate
an asymmetric advantage over US forces. If they can develop a really
high-end submarine force like they did in the Cold War, it would create a
problem for US naval planners and strategists thinking through how to
deal with a potential Russian threat — one that could emerge without a
lot of warning."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Construction Delays</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The most lethal
new subs are those of the Yuri Dolgoruky class, also known as the
Project 955 Borey class. Construction of the Dolgoruky has been a
protracted affair — the ship was laid down at the Sevmash military
shipyard in Severodvinsk in 1996 but not launched until 2007. Sea trials
began in 2009, but development of the ship's primary weapon, the Bulava
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), itself has been fraught with
problems. It was only in 2014 that the submarine submerged with a full
load of 16 ICBMs, according to Russian media.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">A second Borey, the
Alexander Nevsky, was laid down in March 2004 and began sea trials in
2011. Like the Dolgoruky, the ship and its missiles have experienced
numerous problems, and trials continued at least through 2013. Vladimir
Monomakh, the third Borey, was commissioned last December after eight
years of construction and trials.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Three more Boreys are under
construction, and Russian Navy chief Adm. Viktor Chirkov said in
December two more would be laid down in 2015, for a total of eight, all
expected to be in service by 2020.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The design of the Dolgorukys
uses many features of earlier submarines. In fact, the first units used
pieces and components built for earlier submarines that were either
scrapped or never finished. Russian media reports indicate the Vladimir
Monomakh used significant hull components of the decommissioned
Akula-class attack submarine Ak Bars.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"I get the feeling for all
the big talk from the Russians about building a new fleet, they're
probably having trouble getting stuff," Friedman said. "For the first
subs, they used pieces from earlier subs."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The Dolgoruky carried
out an operational test firing of a Bulava in October, the Itar-Tass
news agency reported — the third successful test launch since a
September 2013 failure — and two more will take place in 2015.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Meanwhile,
construction of Yasen-class Project 885M nuclear attack submarines is
picking up. The first unit, Severodvinsk, was commissioned at the end of
2013 after a 20-year construction period, during which the submarine
underwent significant re-design. A second unit, laid down in 2009 at
Sevmash, could be delivered this year.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Two more Yasens were laid
down in 2014. Itar-Tass reported on Dec. 26 that Mikhail Budnichenko,
head of Sevmash, said three Project 885 Yasen-class subs would be laid
down this year along with two Boreys.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Non-nuclear submarine
construction also continues. Along with several Kilo-class subs being
built for the Russian Navy and export, at least one more Lada-class
diesel-electric submarine is to begin construction this year.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Numbers vs. Effectiveness</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">But can Russia sustain this prodigious submarine construction effort?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"The
naval production we're likely to see this year is an artifact of
decisions made some time ago when oil prices were fairly high and before
a number of Western countries imposed sanctions on Russia," Mahnken
said. "Whatever the Russians do this year, I think it'll be very hard
for them to sustain naval production going forward."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Added Friedman: "Putin doesn't have that much money. And with the drop in oil prices, they have very bad problems."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">With the post-1990 decline in shipbuilding, Friedman said, the shipyards have lost much of their submarine-building expertise.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"A
lot of people quit the yards" when construction all but ended, he said.
"If they lost a lot of their smarter people, there's a difficulty in
recreating what they had. Coming back 15 years later and trying to
recreate it is kind of dubious."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Clark agreed.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"Their
industrial base is weakened from two decades of not being used," he
said. "You've got a significant reduction in the number of skilled
engineers, the aging out of people who otherwise would be part of the
Russian design base.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"While Russian engineering and technology
development is top-notch, they don't necessarily have the people to be
able to do all the legwork necessary to take an idea into a reality.
That's why you see things like submarines taking 10 or more years to
construct, because they just don't have the design and construction base
to support high-rate production."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">But are the new submarines cause for worry?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The
Yasen attack subs "are probably what you could get in 1989, plus
improved combat systems," Friedman said. "They got access to
microprocessors and things like that. But they're not going to the
insertion of new technology, because they're not that flexible. But I
would guess the combat systems have improved substantially."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Clark sees no cause for alarm in the pace of Russian submarine construction.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"They
don't have very many submarines today, and they certainly don't have
very many frontline submarines that would be anywhere close to US
submarines," he said. "The best submarines the Russians are producing
are perhaps equivalent to some of the older US submarines currently in
use. It would take a while for the Russians to build up enough of those
to where they create a potential problem for the US.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">"The main
concern," Clark added, "is that even a small number of very good
submarines can be problematic from an intelligence-gathering and
surprise strike kind of perspective. But they're not able to cause a
debilitating effect to a fleet."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">E-mail <a href="mailto:ccavas@defensenews.com">ccavas@defensenews.com</a></span></div>
Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-82051879215223849362015-05-06T20:24:00.001-04:002015-05-06T20:24:33.650-04:00Chinese Warships Enter the Black Sea = backing the Deadly Russian Subs!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><em></em></span></span><br />
<div class="sub-title">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">“The geopolitical significance of China exercising alongside Russia will not be lost on the U.S. and NATO”</span></b></div>
<span class="node-author"> <span></span></span><br />
<div class="item">
(<a href="http://russia-insider.com/en/zero_hedge_1" target="_blank">Zero Hedge</a>)</div>
<span class="views-field views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">12 hours ago | </span> </span> <span class="views-field views-field-totalcount"> <span class="field-content"><span class="count500">1,280</span></span> </span> <span class="views-field views-field-disqus-comment-count"> <span class="field-content"><a data-disqus-identifier="node/6491" href="http://russia-insider.com/en/military/two-chinese-warships-enter-black-sea/ri6491#disqus_thread">16</a></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="312" src="http://nl.media.rbth.ru/web/en-rbth/images/2014-06/big/VladimirRodionov_RIAN_00694237_468.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="468" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div>
<span style="font-size: small;">June 15, 2010. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev (center) at the Sevmash
shipyard, before the ceremonial launching of the Severodvinsk multi-purpose submarine. Source: Vladimir Rodionov / RIA Novosti <br /> - <a href="http://rbth.com/defence/2014/06/17/russias_top-secret_nuclear_submarine_comes_into_service_37483.html">http://rbth.com/defence/2014/06/17/russias_top-secret_nuclear_submarine_comes_into_service_37483.html</a>)</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="field-content"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><em><br /></em></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><em>This article <a href="http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-05-05/two-chinese-warships-enter-black-sea" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">originally appeared</a> at <strong>Zero Hedge</strong></em></span></span><br />
<hr />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">On Friday <a href="http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-05-01/china-russia-unveil-first-ever-mediterranean-joint-naval-exercise" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">we reported </a>that
for the first time in history, Chinese and Russian navies will begin a
significant joint naval exercise in The Mediterranean Sea in mid-May.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Citied
by RT, Chinese Defense Ministry spokesman Geng Yansheng said that “The
aim is to deepen both countries’ friendly and practical cooperation, and
increase our navies’ ability to jointly deal with maritime security
threats,” but diplomatically added “these exercises are not aimed at any
third party and have nothing to do with the regional situation.”</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Against
a background of this week’s “upgraded Japan-American military
relationship” following Abe’s visit to Obama, as one analyst notes, “the
geopolitical significance of its exercising alongside Russia will not
be lost on the U.S. and NATO.”</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">While it was unclear if directly related to the upcoming “historic” drill, the <a href="http://turkishnavy.net/2015/05/04/foreign-warship-on-bosphorus-2015-part-24/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bosphorus Navy Blog </a>reports
that in what is a comparable “first” yesterday two warships from
Peoples Republic of China were seen passing through the Bosphorus, and
entering the Black Sea.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">More:</span></span><br />
<div>
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Two Jiangkai
II (type 054A) class frigates 550 Weifang and 547 Linyi from PLAN North
Sea Fleet made a northbound passage through the Turkish Straits. The
destination of these Chinese ships were not disclosed.</span></span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The frigates shown below, as they were seen crossing the naval barrier between Europe and Asia:</span></span><br />
<div class="media media-element-container media-fit_screen_w700xauto">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="colorbox init-colorbox-processed cboxElement" href="http://russia-insider.com/sites/insider/files/547.jpg" rel="nofollow" title=""><img alt="" class="media-element file-fit-screen-w700xauto" height="445" src="http://russia-insider.com/sites/insider/files/styles/w726xauto/public/547.jpg?itok=kPIFkOQ7" title="" width="726" /></a></span></span><div class="field field-name-field-caption field-type-text field-label-hidden">
<div class="field-items">
<div class="field-item even">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Chinese frigate 547 Linyi passing through Bosphorus | Photo: Nurderen Özbek</span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media media-element-container media-fit_screen_w700xauto">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="colorbox init-colorbox-processed cboxElement" href="http://russia-insider.com/sites/insider/files/users/%5Bcurrent-user%3Aoriginal%3Aname%5D/6-May-2015/4b2d840a5d155ff.jpg" rel="nofollow" title=""><img alt="" class="media-element file-fit-screen-w700xauto" height="481" src="http://russia-insider.com/sites/insider/files/styles/w726xauto/public/users/%5Bcurrent-user%3Aoriginal%3Aname%5D/6-May-2015/4b2d840a5d155ff.jpg?itok=Gt2Ow3WQ" title="" width="726" /></a></span></span><div class="field field-name-field-caption field-type-text field-label-hidden">
<div class="field-items">
<div class="field-item even">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Chinese frigate 550 Weifang passing through Bosphorus | Photo: Yörük Işık</span></span></div>
<div class="field-item even">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">NATO
promptly responded and hours ago AP reported that a top NATO commander
said the alliance will briefly move its allied joint force command from
Italy to Romania - which has a historic Black Sea port in the town of
Constanta - as NATO continues to react to Russia’s moves in Ukraine.</span></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Admiral
Mark Ferguson, Commander of Allied Joint Force Command based in Naples,
Italy, said the command will be based in Cincu, central Romania, for 12
days in June, to support a NATO exercise involving 1,000 troops from 21
NATO states.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Cincu is Romania’s largest military shooting range, some 180 kilometers (112 miles) northwest of Bucharest.</span></span><br />
<blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">“This deployment will be the first time a NATO Joint Force Command Headquarters has deployed to Romania,” Ferguson said Tuesday.</span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">At the same time, NATO will conduct exercises in Poland, the Baltics and the Baltic Sea.</span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">As
a reminder, in the summer of 2013 when the Syria war tensions saw a
build of US, Russian and even Chinese ships in the Mediterranean ahead
of what could be the first global Middle East war. The war was avoided
in the last minute. This time the naval build up is taking place even
closer to both Europe and Russia, and now even China is present.</span></span></div>
</div>
Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-49831873160627037072015-05-05T17:47:00.000-04:002015-05-05T18:01:02.733-04:00 CFR Says China Must Be Defeated, & TPP Is Essential to That!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #134f5c;"><b>With the Rothschilds now with beacheads on every shore, there's nary a safe climate for individual liberty. </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> <a href="http://chasvoice.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_3.html" target="_blank">Rothschild Link Source Library (multi-lingual)</a></span><br />
<img src="http://www.newsfollowup.com/id/images_59/israel_palestine_1949_bnai_brith_truman_jacobson_bisgyr_goldman_rothschild.jpg" height="449" id="irc_mi" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 55px;" width="640" /><span style="font-size: small;">Wikipedia is consistently cleansed of Rothschild <span style="color: red;">Zionist</span> links to modern companies, people, events and concepts. <a href="http://www.newsfollowup.com/">NFU</a> <span style="color: grey; font-family: Verdana;"> <a href="http://www.newsfollowup.com/spire_lawsuit_bankster_racketeering_laundering_geithner_bernanke_petraeus_krim_cnbc.htm#NewsFollowUp.com_0"> <img border="0" src="http://www.newsfollowup.com/id/more.jpg" height="14" width="44" /></a></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Eric Zuesse</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1"> </span></span> <br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Wall Street’s Council on Foreign Relations has issued a major report, alleging that China must be defeated because it threatens to become a bigger power in the world than the U.S.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">This report, which is titled <a href="http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Tellis_Blackwill.pdf" target="_blank" title="“Revising U.S. Grand Strategy Toward China,”"><span class="s2">“Revising U.S. Grand Strategy Toward China,”</span></a> is introduced by Richard Haass, the CFR’s President, who affirms the report’s view that, “no relationship will matter more when it comes to defining the twenty-first century than the one between the United States and China.” He says that the report he is publishing argues that “strategic rivalry is highly likely if not inevitable between the existing major power of the day and the principal rising power.” Haass says that the authors “also argue that China has not evolved into the ‘responsible stakeholder’ that many in the United States hoped it would.” In other words: “cooperation” with China will probably need to become replaced by, as the report’s authors put it, “intense U.S.-China strategic competition.” </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Haass gives this report his personal imprimatur by saying that it “deserves to become an important part of the debate about U.S. foreign policy and the pivotal U.S.-China relationship.” He acknowledges that some people won’t agree with the views it expresses.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The report itself then opens by saying: “Since its founding, the United States has consistently pursued a grand strategy focused on acquiring and maintaining preeminent power over various rivals, first on the North American continent, then in the Western hemisphere, and finally globally.” It praises “the American victory in the Cold War.” It then lavishes praise on America’s imperialistic dominance: “The Department of Defense during the George H.W. Bush administration presciently contended that its ‘strategy must now refocus on precluding the emergence of any potential future global competitor’—thereby consciously pursuing the strategy of primacy that the United States successfully employed to outlast the Soviet Union.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The rest of the report is likewise concerned with the international dominance of America’s aristocracy or the people who control this country’s international corporations, rather than with the welfare of the public or as the U.S. Constitution described the objective of the American Government: “the general welfare.” </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The Preamble, or sovereignty clause, in the Constitution, presented that goal in this broader context: “in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.” </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The Council on Foreign Relations, as a representative of Wall Street, is concerned only with the dominance of America’s aristocracy. Their new report, about “Revising U.S. Grand Strategy Toward China,” is like a declaration of war by America’s aristocracy, against China’s aristocracy. This report has no relationship to the U.S. Constitution, though it advises that the U.S. Government pursue this “Grand Strategy Toward China” irrespective of whether doing that would even be consistent with the U.S. Constitution’s Preamble.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The report repeats in many different contexts the basic theme, that China threatens “hegemonic” dominance in Asia. For example:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">“China’s sustained economic success over the past thirty-odd years has enabled it to aggregate formidable power, making it the nation most capable of dominating the Asian continent and thus undermining the traditional U.S. geopolitical objective of ensuring that this arena remains free of hegemonic control.”</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The report never allows the matter of America’s “hegemonic control” to be even raised. Thus, “hegemony” is presumed to be evil and to be something that the U.S. must block other nations from having, because there is a “traditional U.S. geopolitical objective of ensuring that this arena remains free of hegemonic control.” In other words: the U.S. isn’t being “hegemonic” by defeating aspiring hegemons. The report offers no term to refer to “hegemony” that’s being practiced by the U.S.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The report presents China as being supremacist, such as what (to quote again from the report) “historian Wang Gungwu has described as a ‘principle of superiority’ underwriting Beijing’s ‘long-hallowed tradition of treating foreign countries as all alike but unequal and inferior to China.’ Consistent with this principle, Henry Kissinger, describing the traditional sinocentric system, has correctly noted that China ‘considered itself, in a sense, the sole sovereign government of the world.’” America’s own ‘Manifest Destiny’ or right to regional (if not global) supremacy is not discussed, because supremacism is attributed only to the aristocracies in other countries, not to the aristocracy in this country.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Rather than the “general welfare,” this document emphasizes “U.S. Vital National Interests,” which are the interests of America’s aristocrats, the owners of America’s large international corporations.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">This report urges:</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">“The United States should invest in defense capabilities and capacity specifically to defeat China’s emerging anti-access capabilities and permit successful U.S. power projection even against concerted opposition from Beijing. … Congress should remove sequestration caps and substantially increase the U.S. defense budget.”</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">In other words: the Government should spiral upward the U.S. debt even more vertically (which is good for Wall Street), and, in order to enable the increased ‘defense’ expenditures, only ‘defense’ expenditures should be freed from spending-caps. Forget the public, serve the owners of ‘defense’ firms and of the large international corporations who rely on the U.S. military to protect their property abroad.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The report says that China would have no reason to object to such policies: “There is no reason why a China that did not seek to overturn the balance of power in Asia should object to the policy prescriptions contained in this report.” Only a “hegemonic” China (such as the report incessantly alleges to exist, while the U.S. itself is not ‘hegemonic’) would object; and, therefore, the U.S. should ignore China’s objections, because they would be, by definition ‘hegemonic.’ Or, in other words: God is on our side, not on theirs.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">“Washington simply cannot have it both ways—to accommodate Chinese concerns regarding U.S. power projection into Asia through ‘strategic reassurance’ and at the same time to promote and defend U.S. vital national interests in this vast region.”</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The authors make clear that U.S. President Obama is not sufficiently hostile toward China: “All signs suggest that President Obama and his senior colleagues have a profoundly different and much more benign diagnosis of China’s strategic objectives in Asia than do we.”</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Furthermore, the report ends by portraying Obama as weak on the anti-China front: “Many of these omissions in U.S. policy would seem to stem from an administration worried that such actions would offend Beijing and therefore damage the possibility of enduring strategic cooperation between the two nations, thus the dominating emphasis on cooperation. That self-defeating preoccupation by the United States based on a long-term goal of U.S.-China strategic partnership that cannot be accomplished in the foreseeable future should end.”</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The report’s “Recommendations for U.S. Grand Strategy Toward China” urges Congress to “Deliver on the Trans-Pacific Partnership, … as a geoeconomic answer to growing Chinese economic power and geopolitical coercion in Asia,” but it fails to mention that the Obama Administration has already embodied the authors’ viewpoint and objectives in the TPP, which Obama created, and which cuts China out; it could hardly be a better exemplar of their agenda. The authors, in fact, state the exact opposite: that Obama’s objective in his TPP has instead been merely “as a shot in the arm of a dying Doha Round at the World Trade Organization (WTO).” They even ignore that Obama had cut China out of his proposed TPP.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p3">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s3">Furthermore, <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/05/28/remarks-president-west-point-academy-commencement-ceremony" target="_blank" title="here is what President Obama himself told graduating West Point cadets on 28 May 2014:"><span class="s4">here is what President Obama himself told graduating West Point cadets on 28 May 2014:</span></a></span></span></div>
<div class="p3">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">“Russia’s aggression toward former Soviet states unnerves capitals in Europe, while China’s economic rise and military reach worries its neighbors. From Brazil to India, rising middle classes compete with us, and governments seek a greater say in global forums.” He was saying that these future military leaders will be using guns and bombs to enforce America’s economic dominance. This is the same thing that the CFR report is saying.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">His speech also asserted: “I believe in American exceptionalism with every fiber of my being. … The United States is and remains the one indispensable nation. That has been true for the century passed and it will be true for the century to come.” (That even resembles: “Henry Kissinger, describing the traditional sinocentric system, has correctly noted that China ‘considered itself, in a sense, the sole sovereign government of the world.’” Obama is, in a sense, saying that America is the “sole sovereign government in the world.”)</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">He made clear that China is “dispensable,” and that the U.S. must stay on top.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">However, there is a difference between Obama and the CFR on one important thing: Obama sees <a href="http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2015/02/obamas-new-national-security-strategy-rabidly-anti-russian.html" title="Russia as the chief country over which the U.S. must dominate militarily"><span class="s5">Russia as the chief country over which the U.S. must dominate militarily</span></a>, and China as the chief country to dominate economically. But in that regard, he is actually old-line Republican, just like <a href="http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/26/romney-russia-is-our-number-one-geopolitical-foe/" target="_blank" title="his 2012 opponent Mitt Romney is"><span class="s5">his 2012 opponent Mitt Romney is</span></a>. </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The only difference from Romney on that is: Obama wasn’t so foolish as to acknowledge publicly a belief that he shared with Romney but already knew was an unpopular position to take in the general election.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Furthermore, whereas the CFR report ignores the public’s welfare, Obama does give lip-service to that as being a matter of concern (just as he gave lip-service to opposing Romney’s assertion that Russia is <a href="http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/26/romney-russia-is-our-number-one-geopolitical-foe/" target="_blank" title="“our number one geopolitical foe”"><span class="s5">“our number one geopolitical foe”</span></a>). After all, he is a ‘Democrat,’ and the authors of the CFR report write instead as if they were presenting a Republican Party campaign document. No ‘Democrat’ can be far-enough to the political right to satisfy Republican operatives. The pretense that they care about the public is therefore far less, because the Republican Party is far more open about its support of, by, and for, the super-rich. Mitt Romney wasn’t the only Republican who had contempt for <a href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/mitt-romney-47-percent-what-47-percent-20130729" target="_blank" title="the lower 47%"><span class="s5">the lower 47%</span></a>. But even he tried to deny that he had meant it. In that sense, the CFR’s report is a Republican document, one which, quite simply, doesn’t offer the public the lip-service that Obama does (and which he politically must, in order to retain support even within his own party).</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Perhaps on account of the CFR report’s condemning Obama for not being sufficiently right-wing — even though he is actually a conservative Republican on all but social issues (where China policy isn’t particularly relevant) — the report has received no mention in the mainstream press, ever since it was originally issued, back in March of this year. For whatever reason, America’s ‘news’ media ignored the report, notwithstanding its importance as an expression of old-style imperialistic thinking that comes from what many consider to be the prime foreign-affairs mouthpiece of America’s aristocracy — the CFR. The report’s first coverage was <a href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/05/02/chin-m02.html" target="_blank" title="on 2 May 2015 at the World Socialist Web Site"><span class="s5">on 2 May 2015 at the World Socialist Web Site</span></a>, which briefly paraphrased it but didn’t even link to it. Then, <a href="http://sjlendman.blogspot.com/2015/05/proposed-us-strategy-for-dominating.html" target="_blank" title="Stephen Lendman wrote about the CFR report"><span class="s5">Stephen Lendman wrote about the CFR report</span></a>. He briefly paraphrased it and passionately condemned it. He did link to the report. But he didn’t note the WSWS article, which had first informed the public of the CFR report’s existence — an existence which, until the WSWS article, all of America’s ‘press’ had simply ignored.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The present article is the first one to quote the CFR report, instead of merely to paraphrase and attack it. The quotations that were selected are ones presenting the report’s main points, so that readers here can see these points stated as they were written, rather than merely as I have interpreted them. My interpretation is in addition to, rather than a substitute for, what the report itself says.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p5">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1">———-</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="p7">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s7">Investigative historian Eric Zuesse is the author, most recently, of <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Theyre-Not-Even-Close-Democratic/dp/1880026090/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&qid=1339027537&sr=8-9" target="_blank" title="They’re Not Even Close: The Democratic vs. Republican Economic Records, 1910-2010"><span class="s6"><i>They’re Not Even Close: The Democratic vs. Republican Economic Records, 1910-2010</i></span></a><i>,</i> and of<i> </i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B007Q1H4EG" target="_blank" title="CHRIST’S VENTRILOQUISTS: The Event that Created Christianity"><span class="s6"><i>CHRIST’S VENTRILOQUISTS: The Event that Created Christianity</i></span></a>, and of <a href="http://www.worldeconomicsassociation.org/downloads/feudalism-fascism-libertarianism-and-economics/" target="_blank" title="Feudalism, Fascism, Libertarianism and Economics"><span class="s6"><i>Feudalism, Fascism, Libertarianism and Economics</i></span></a>.</span></span></div>
<div class="p7">
<br /></div>
<div class="p7">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s7"><a href="http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2015/05/cfr-says-china-must-be-defeated-tpp-is-essential-to-that.html" target="_blank">source </a></span></span></div>
</div>
Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-16208684502436557832015-05-05T07:40:00.001-04:002015-05-05T07:40:38.858-04:00The Bill & Hillary Slush Fund<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table border="0" cellpadding="7" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top" width="60%"><table border="0" cellpadding="7"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top" width="50%"><span style="font-size: small;">1271 Avenue of the Americas - 42nd Floor<br /> New York, NY<br /> 10020</span><br />
</td><td valign="top" width="50%"><span style="font-size: small;">
Phone :(212) 348-8882<br />Email :http://www.clintonfoundation.org/about/contact-us<br />URL :http://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-presidential-center/about/bill-hillary-chelsea-clinton-foundation</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="top"><span style="font-size: small;"><img border="0" src="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/images/newsmallershape.gif" usemap="#Map" />
<a href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/Thinkmap%20SDK%202.5%20Standard%20Edition/webapp/TM-1VER/index.asp?keyword=Bill,%20Hillary%20&%20Chelsea%20Clinton%20Foundation" target="_new"><img alt="Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation's Visual Map" border="0" src="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/images/visual89map.jpg" />
</a></span></td>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Assets: $277,805,820 (2013)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Grants Received: $144,382,361 (2013)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Grants Awarded: $8,865,052 (2013)</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Originally based in Little Rock, Arkansas and known as the
William J. Clinton Foundation, the Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton
Foundation was established by former U.S. President <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=644">Bill Clinton</a> in 2001 “<a class="western" href="http://www.clintonfoundation.org/about-the-clinton-foundation/">to alleviate</a> poverty, improve global health, strengthen economies, and protect the environment.” </span><br />
<br />
<span style="clear: right; float: right; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><a href="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondlarge/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=WnaA_Mr9" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="David Sandalow" border="0" class="energy-static-image-contributor-hero borealis image-style-contributor_hero borealis-js" data-borealis-respondlarge="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondlarge/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=WnaA_Mr9" data-borealis-respondmedium="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondmedium/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=kNjIlrBZ" data-borealis-respondsmall="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondsmall/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=9gh9NHmn" data-borealis-respondxl2="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondxl2/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=eCogUjp_" data-borealis-respondxl3="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondxl3/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=TIewo7Yu" data-borealis-respondxl4="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondxl4/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=I-30t8zN" data-borealis-respondxl="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondxl/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=cW9oHNPx" data-borealis-style="respondlarge" data-fid="333775" src="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/styles/borealis_contributor_hero_respondlarge/public/David_Sandalow_2.jpg?itok=WnaA_Mr9" title="David Sandalow" /></a>persuade
wealthy businesspeople to pledge money to Clinton Foundation programs.
Former <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6902">World Wildlife Fund</a>
president David Sandalow, who served as a senior environmental official
in the Clinton administration, chairs the CGI Working Group. </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="western" href="http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1201803466.pdf">Claiming</a> to be politically nonpartisan, the Foundation administers several major programs, of which the best-known is the <a class="western" href="http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1201803466.pdf">Clinton Global Initiative</a> (CGI).<br /> <br /><strong>The Clinton Global Initiative</strong><br /><br />
Incorporated in 2005 as an independent nonprofit, CGI aims to </span><br />
<br />
<span style="clear: right; float: right; font-size: large; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><a href="http://images.politico.com/global/081210_browner_297.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="http://images.politico.com/global/081210_browner_297.jpg" border="0" src="http://images.politico.com/global/081210_browner_297.jpg" /></a>Protection Agency administrator <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2364">Carl Browner</a>; Pew Center on Global Climate Change president Eileen Claussen; <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6940">Environmental Defense</a> president <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=1755">Fred Krupp</a>; and Sun Microsystems co-founder Vinod Khosla, an ethanol <a class="western" href="http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1201803466.pdf">advocate</a>
who supported California’s failed Proposition 87, which would have
imposed new taxes on that state’s oil producers. Other key CGI working
groups are <a class="western" href="http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1201803466.pdf">headed</a> by senior fellows at the <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6709">Center for American Progress</a>
who previously worked for the Clinton administration: Clinton economic
advisor Gene Sperling chairs the CGI Education Working Group; Clinton
National Security Council staffer Gayle Smith chairs the CGI
Poverty-Alleviation Working Group; and Thomas Kalil, deputy director of
Clinton's National Economic Council, chairs the CGI Global Health
Working Group. <br /> <br /> CGI hosts annual Clinton Global Summits where
affluent business moguls, who pay $15,000 apiece to attend, pledge money
to CGI programs. Among those who <a class="western" href="http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1201803466.pdf">attended</a> in 2007 were high-ranking officials of Wal-Mart, PepsiCo, Duke Energy, Starbucks, the <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/funderProfile.asp?fndid=5266">Carnegie Corporation</a>, and the NoVo Foundation. Also on hand were former Vice President <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2140">Al Gore</a>, </span><span style="font-size: large;">The
Working Group’s <a class="western" href="http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1201803466.pdf">advisory board</a> is composed of such luminaries as <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6898">Natural Resources Defense Council</a> president Frances Beinecke; President Clinton's former Environmental </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Archbishop <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2416">Desmond Tutu</a>,
Evangelical Environmental Network president Jim Ball, actors Brad Pitt
and Angelina Jolie, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Afghan president
Hamid Karzai, and media giants Rupert Murdoch and <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2004">Ted Turner</a>. At this 2007 Summit, Bill Clinton advocated a form of <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=826">Cap-and-Trade</a>
that would raise energy prices while purportedly reducing
greenhouse-gas emissions. Some CGI activities, such as this
greenhouse-gas initiative, are of a highly political nature. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Others,
however, are not politicized – particularly those that focus their
philanthropy on impoverished peoples in Africa.<br /> <br /> At the 2009 Clinton Global Summit, attendees <a class="western" href="http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/clinton-global-initiative/">included</a> <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=1511">Barack Obama</a>, Jordan's Queen Rania Al Abdullah, <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=18">Hillary Rodham Clinton</a>, Al Gore, <a class="western" href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2007">Wangari Maathai</a>, and actors Brad Pitt and Matt Damon.<br /><br /><strong>Additional Programs of the Clinton Foundation</strong><br /> <br /> Additional major initiatives of the Clinton Foundation include the following:<br /> <br /> A)<a class="western" href="http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/clinton-health-access-initiative"> The Clinton Health Access Initiative</a>
(CHAI): Established in 2002 as the Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative, this
program is dedicated to “expanding access to care and treatment for
HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis ... in developing countries.” In its
earliest months, BHCCF <a class="western" href="http://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/v1201803466.pdf">brokered</a>
price cuts by generic drug producers of AIDS drugs, organizing a
cooperative that enabled more than 70 poor nations to purchase those
medicines at discounted rates. The <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/14/us/politics/unease-at-clinton-foundation-over-finances-and-ambitions.html?pagewanted=all&pagewanted=print">driving force</a>
behind this initiative is Ira C. Magaziner, a longtime Bill Clinton
ally who engineered Hillary Clinton’s failed attempt at a healthcare
overhaul in the early 1990s.<br /> <br /> B)<a class="western" href="http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/clinton-climate-initiative/"> Clinton Climate Initiative</a>
(CCI): Created in 2006 “to create and advance solutions to the core
issues driving climate change,” CCI is founded on the premise that human
industrial activity, by emitting greenhouse gases (GHG), causes global
warming. To address this problem, CCI has created such projects as
energy retrofits for homes and businesses, low-GHG-emitting outdoor
lighting, and improved waste management for American cities. CCI also
promotes clean-energy alternatives to fossil fuels, which it says
“account for about 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions globally.” </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Moreover, CCI seeks to curtail “deforestation in tropical countries,”
which it calls “a major contributor to climate change.”<br /> <br /> C)<a class="western" href="http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/alliance-for-a-healthier-generation/"> Alliance for a Healthier Generation</a>:
Asserting that “in the past 20 years, childhood obesity rates have
doubled and are now at epidemic rates,” this initiative supports a <a class="western" href="http://clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/alliance-for-a-healthier-generation/our-approach">Healthy Schools Program</a>
that encourages schools to stock their vending machines with
non-fattening foods; urges students to “bring in healthy snacks for <a class="western" href="http://www.healthiergeneration.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=3296">school parties</a>”; and exhorts parents to “work with your child’s school to organize <a class="western" href="http://www.healthiergeneration.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspx?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=3320">'healthy' fundraisers</a> like walk-a-thons.”<br /> <br /> D)<a class="western" href="http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/clinton-economic-opportunity-initiative/"> Clinton Economic Opportunity Initiative</a>
(CEOI): This Initiative was established in 2002 “to reduce economic
inequity and accelerate economic progress in the United States by
helping individuals become more financially stable and businesses in
underserved communities to grow.” CEOI's Entrepreneurship Program
“promotes business-to-business public service, helping entrepreneurs
reach higher levels of success”; the Financial Mainstream Program “helps
people access lower-cost, safer financial services, and the support
they need to develop and sustain good financial habits.”<br /> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /> E) <a href="https://www.clintonfoundation.org/our-work/clinton-development-initiative">Clinton Development Initiative</a>
(CDI): At the inaugural meeting of the Clinton Global Initiative in
2005, Scottish philanthropist Tom Hunter, the wealthiest man in
Scotland, committed “to invest $100 million over ten years to encourage
sustainable economic growth in the developing world” – principally
Africa. Today, CDI “works to increase farmers’ access to fertilizer,
seeds, irrigation, and other farming inputs, and to identify and develop
new markets for agricultural outputs.”<br /><br /><strong>An Apparent Quid Pro Quo Donation to the Clinton Foundation</strong><br /><br />In 2004, New York developer Robert Congel <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Government/2013/08/14/NY-Times-Clinton-Foundation-Rife-With-Cronyism">donated</a> $100,000 to the Clinton Foundation. Soon thereafter, Senator <a href="http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=18">Hillary Clinton</a> reportedly helped Congel access millions of dollars in federal assistance for his mall project.</span><br /><strong>Collecting Donations to Fund the Clinton Presidential Library</strong></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong><a href="http://discoverthenetworks.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=caa6f67f1482e6214d83be62d&id=d5f4a441ca&e=0d73413c10" target="_blank">READ MORE </a></strong></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-45194209787643356322015-05-04T15:02:00.000-04:002015-05-04T15:02:26.658-04:00US Treasury Bonds,The Godfather Of All Bubbles<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Bond Market-01" border="0" class=" wp-image-5344 size-medium alignleft" height="200" id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://whtt.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Bond-Market-01-300x200.jpg" width="300" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Synopsis</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Charles E Carlson</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The
30-plus-year-old bull market in US bonds, notes and bills may well be the
most destructive man-made “Bubble” in all of recorded history.<span class="apple-converted-space"> It will sooner or later</span> implode
because it is unsound to the core.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>A
puncturing of the bubble may start when any of several huge holders
sells.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Its implosion will
trigger the sale of other overpriced corporate, municipal and foreign bonds,
and the dollar itself may well be<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>replaced
as the world reserve currency.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The
US bond bubble is the Godfather because it is so large that no other
investment market can absorb the mass exodus which will come from it.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>It is logical that those who have
worked so deliberately to create this debt bubble will fight even harder to
prevent its collapse.<span class="apple-converted-space"> When it
implodes, it will probably bring down lesser bubbles and excesses, including
the function of the dollar as a world exchange currency. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">A true
“Bubble” must result from a successful, planned deception</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The handling of
US Treasury bonds, notes and bills, (“US debt” hereafter) has all the
elements that make it a once-in-a-lifetime bubble.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>It is much more than an overvalued
investment or an idea that has become an exaggerated fad, like the “Dot Com
Bubble”. We have seen many of these come and go and we have survived
each one.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>A bubble must have
the element of planned deception in order to reach proportions monstrous enough to draw in the money of a
large body of public to it. <span class="apple-converted-space">US debt
floats on the </span>unreasonable assumption of inflated value. It
deliberately and falsely promotes itself in the face of reality.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Charles Mackey, a <span class="s1">Scottish
journalist, first published <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_Popular_Delusions_and_the_Madness_of_Crowds" target="_blank"><b>Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds
(1)</b></a> in 1841, a study of ancient bubbles. HIs most famous quote
is, </span><em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">“Men, it has
been well said, think in herds; it will be seen that they go mad in herds,
while they only recover their senses slowly, and one by one.” </span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> The slow regaining of senses is why the bubble
takes so long to burst, far beyond what seems reasonable.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Madoff.Bernie-07" border="0" class="wp-image-5345 size-medium" height="177" id="_x0000_i1026" src="http://whtt.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Madoff.Bernie-07-300x177.jpg" width="300" /></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"></span></span></div>
<div class="wp-caption-text">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The
eventual loss suffered by Bernie Madoff’s investors was at least $18 billion.</span></span></div>
<div class="wp-caption-text">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">“Bubbles” are
always recognized by some (one by one) before they finally pop.
This was the case with the scheme of Bernard Madoff, now in prison for
life.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Madoff started his
famous Ponzi scheme, once called Ascot Partners, which, like the US debt
bubble, lasted over 30 years. Several discovered it much earlier
and tried to expose Madoff, but no one would listen because<span class="apple-converted-space"> of the </span>deep deception Madoff
had surrounded himself with. Madoff even held volunteer positions in
regulatory agencies that should have policed him but did not. He was
also designing computer programs to backdate imaginary trades in order to
achieve desired results for his customers’ accounts.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>He made imaginary investments in
real securities, but only on paper, and instead deposited the clients’
funds in his own discretionary account at Chase Bank.<span class="apple-converted-space"> [Mechanics of the Madoff Bubble – (2)]</span></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Madoff’s reported
results exceeded all investment expectations, but investors were too
satisfied to worry about it being too good to be true.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Hedge funds, pension plans and
mutual funds all invested with Madoff.<span class="apple-converted-space">
</span>His deception was simple: his fund always moved higher and never
had a bad year! This was a sure sign something was wrong, and one by
one a few tried to expose him. </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The eventual loss suffered by Madoff’s
investors was at least $18 billion, although those who got out early
reaped gains at the expense of those who stayed in to the end! <span class="s1">Madoff admitted during his March 2009 guilty plea that the essence
of his scheme was to deposit client money into a Chase account, rather than
invest it. </span>When clients wanted their money, “I used the money in
the Chase Manhattan bank account that belonged to them or other clients to
pay the requested funds,” he told the court.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">A True
Bubble requires mass public participation </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">On April 19,
2015, Bloomberg News reported that public investors, seeking safety, <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">“may sink $350 billion into
debt funds globally this year, adding to the $3 trillion they’ve already
poured into bonds since 2008.” <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-19/bond-market-s-dumb-money-looking-clever-with-350-billion-shift" target="_blank">(3-A)</a> </span></em>This influx
is mostly through banks, mutual finds and managed IRAs. Per a
2015 article, <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">“In
U.S.debt auctions this year, bond mutual funds have bought a record 43
percent of newly issued Treasuries, allotment data compiled by Bloomberg
show.” <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-19/bond-market-s-dumb-money-looking-clever-with-350-billion-shift" target="_blank">(3-A)</a></span></em></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">A
bubble-creating deception may be an illegal one, like Madoff’s, or it may be
a legitimized deception, such as the Federal Reserve System (FED), enacted by
Congress 102 years ago. </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> The measure of a bubble is not
legality, but successful deception. </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The modern mutual fund business has
learned how to prosper on US debt investments, considered in a previous
era to be a dull and prosaic investment. Mutual funds have added
excitement to it by an implied promise of perpetual capital gains on top of
meager income. No word of capital loss potential is every mentioned.
We will detail one such example by fund manager, J P Morgan Chase Bank
in this paper.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-19/bond-market-s-dumb-money-looking-clever-with-350-billion-shift" target="_blank">Bloomberg News further points out (3-A),</a> <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">“There are plenty of reasons to be
bearish on U.S. government bonds. They pay almost nothing, the Federal
Reserve wants to raise interest rates and money managers are largely
convinced they’re</span></em> [bonds]<em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">
<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-14/more-investors-than-ever-say-bonds-overvalued-bofa-survey-shows"><span class="s1">too expensive </span></a>…[A] record 84 percent of professional
investors in a Bank of America Corp. survey released this month said bonds
were overvalued.” <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-14/more-investors-than-ever-say-bonds-overvalued-bofa-survey-shows"><span class="s1">(3-B)</span></a></span></em></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">This writer
agrees. Treasury bonds are near the end of a 30 plus year bull market,
a “Bubble” based on an unrealistic and manipulated assumption that US Treasury
bonds do or can be made to always sell higher and higher in the market place,
translating into ever lower interest payments. The Treasury keeps
its hands clean by looking to the FED to manage the deception that keeps a
line of willing lenders ready to loan money to the Treasury at higher and
higher prices, (lower interest rates).</span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Three
Deceptions that fire the US Debt Bubble</span></strong></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The Federal
Reserve Bank of NY has its own style of deception, which varies slightly
from Madoff’s and is about 1000 times larger.<span class="apple-converted-space"> It is the super-bank franchise dealer for
US debt and claims to be </span>the largest single holder of US debt.
But, unlike other buyers, the FED is allowed to purchase without
investing capital, which explains why it is the biggest lender. The US debt bubble
has been produced by three contrived deceptions<em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">. </span></em></span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">First,</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> dollars are electronically
printed on the books of the FED whenever the Treasury sells US debt directly
to the Federal Reserve Bank for its own account. The Treasury then spends
these dollars by writing checks on its bank account at the FED. The
deception is that the FED does not put up anything of value to acquire this<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>new US debt, rather it uses
electronically created dollars that recently have been conceded to be,
and are referred to as “printed” dollars. Thus the illusion is created
whenever needed, that demand is outstripping supply, and that there is a
constant shortage of US bonds and notes. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/TheSecretsOfTheFederalReserve/MullinsEustace-TheSecretsOfTheFederalReserve227P.#page/n201/mode/2up" target="_blank">Chase Manhattan Bank and Morgan Guarantee Bank were original
major stockholders of the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank (4)</a>,
before they merged into the present J P Morgan Chase Bank. Its money
management division helps keep the US debt market creeping upward, as will be
discussed later.</span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Second,</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> after issuance, the market
price for the newly issued US debt is manipulated, always upwardly, by
the Open Market Committee of the FED. It accomplishes this by
making additional purchases in the open market,<b> </b>again with
electronically printed dollars. The impact of all this new money on the US
debt market produces smooth, little-controlled rises in the US debt’s market
value year after year. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Because
the interest rate paid on US debt and each instrument’s market price are
inversely related, Treasury bond interest is currently at a record low,
meaning the market price of the debt is at a near all-time record high.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>This happens in spite of the clear
fact that new debt is constantly being sold into the market, which should
make the market go down, not up.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>As
with Bernie Madoff’s hedge fund, the illusion is created that the market for
US debt can go only one way: UP.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Gradually
this bubble becomes accepted as reality! The madness of Charles
Mackey’s crowd is achieved. During the course of this manipulation, according
to its own report, the <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/current/">FED has
accumulated $2.4 trillion in US debt</a>, for which it paid nothing at
all.</span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Third,</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> value in US debt comes
from “professional” managers of other people’s money (OPMM), who sell the
specious notion that the open market value of US debt always rises enough to
make up for the minuscule interest rate bonds and notes pay to the
investor.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>OPMM keep on
buying and trading US debt and are the largest holders by far!<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>We must examine how this is
accomplished in a real world of declining purchasing power for these bonds.
We will use as our example, the <a href="https://archive.org/stream/TheSecretsOfTheFederalReserve/MullinsEustace-TheSecretsOfTheFederalReserve227P.#page/n201/mode/2up" target="_blank">J P Morgan Chase Bank, whose two predecessor banks were
original owners of the FED (4)</a>, and probably still are.<span class="apple-converted-space"> [</span>Because the FED is unaudited, its
present ownership is unknown to this author.]</span></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<br /></div>
<div class="p4">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">As in the
Madoff Ponzi bubble, manipulating parties, including the self-serving
Congress, have contrived an UP, UP, and ever higher market for US debt that
is hanging the least suspecting citizens out to dry.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Consider that the Social Security
Trust Fund is invested almost entirely in US debt and that, with similar
US agency funds, such as the military pension plan, they hold about 1/3 of
all federal debt issued. What would happen to Social Security checks
and health care payments if, say, 25% of their assets evaporated in just a
few months?</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The
military-banking complex continues to provide the need for vast
sales of US debt with its serial wars in the Middle East, which started in
1991. US debt expansion also destroys the underpinnings of the US
Dollar as the world reserve currency because there is no limit as to how much
dollar currency there will be in circulation. This practice of making
war, then printing or borrowing the money to pay for it, is surprisingly
similar to the British course of action that broke the back of its economy by
1914 and which forced it off the gold standard for good, and in 1931, the
world turned away from the Pound Sterling as a world reserve
currency and opted instead for the Dollar.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">T</span></strong><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">he British Empire destroyed itself
by borrowing for foreign wars it never lost</span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">England set the
standard for brutality in war in the 1895-1910 era when it invaded and
destroyed two far away and very different lands.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>They moved into Sudan in 1898,
followed closely by their invasion of South Africa in 1902.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Both campaigns were covered by
youthful reporter/adventurer<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Winston
Churchill.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The war to
conquer Sudan was unpopular in England, but the British War Department
overcame public objections by fashioning a publicity campaign for revenge on <span class="s2">Mahdi Muhammad Ahman </span> because a year earlier he had
led an independence movement that captured the garrison at Khartoum and
killed a popular British war hero, Charles Gordon.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>The war faction in Britain managed
to sub-humanize the black Muslim Sudanese. </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">English gentlemen have long
been conditioned to accept the necessity for killing “wogs” going beck to
Rudyard Kipling’s India. </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">In the slaughter at Khartoum, it was British
modern military supremacy against a primitively armed Sudanese independence
movement. Propaganda-wise, the Sudanese had two ethnic strikes against them:
they were both black and Muslim. The British Empire’s bloody success at
Omdurman was recorded in a classic book by British author Alan Moorhead, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Blue-Nile-Alan-Moorehead/dp/0060956402/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1429832975&sr=1-1&keywords=alan+moorehead+the+blue+nile" target="_blank">The Blue Nile</a> (1962).</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">England’s next
war adventure was the invasion of South Africa in 1902, which in England
turned out to be a very unpopular and expensive war. The Boer War was fought
for control of South African gold mines. It became the straw that broke
the Empire. </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">The Boers were white Europeans, and their casualties
included some 40,000 Dutch wives and children of the Boer farmer-soldiers.
Under command of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" target="_blank">Herbert <span class="searchmatch">Kitchener</span> first
Earl</a>, the wives and kids were gathered into British concentration camps
and starved to death, to force the Boer farmers to yield to a treaty.
It worked. Back home The British heard about this and could not
stomach the facts. The detailed and painful account of this last British war
for assets is told by Englishman Thomas Pakengham, in his classic, <u><a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Boer-War-Thomas-Pakenham/dp/0349104662" target="_blank">The Boer War</a></u> (1979).</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://whtt.org/us-treasury-bondsthe-godfather-of-all-bubbles/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">READ MORE</span></a></b></span></div>
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article...</a></span></span></td></tr>
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Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4381769159320878016.post-47628124043776159382015-05-03T22:47:00.000-04:002015-05-08T16:39:53.811-04:00BUT, can the Govt Really Steal our personal savings fom our bank, 401K, homes, safe deposit boxes - See Executive Order 6102<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i><span style="font-size: large;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Executive Order 6102</b> is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_president" title="United States president">United States presidential</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order_%28United_States%29" title="Executive order (United States)">executive order</a> signed on April 5, 1933, by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._President" title="U.S. President">President</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> "forbidding the Hoarding of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_coin" title="Gold coin">gold coin</a>, gold <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_bullion" title="Gold bullion">bullion</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_certificate" title="Gold certificate">gold certificates</a>
within the continental United States". The order criminalized the
possession of monetary gold by any individual, partnership, association
or corporation.</span><br />
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<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">Contents</span></h2>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#Rationale"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Rationale</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#Effect_of_the_order"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Effect of the order</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#Prosecutions_related_to_Executive_Order_6102"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Prosecutions related to Executive Order 6102</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#Abrogation_and_subsequent_events"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Abrogation and subsequent events</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#Hoax_of_safe_deposit_box_seizures"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Hoax of safe deposit box seizures</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#Similar_laws_in_other_countries"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Similar laws in other countries</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Rationale">Rationale</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The stated reason for the order was that hard times had caused
"hoarding" of gold, stalling economic growth and making the depression
worse.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i>,
on April 6, 1933, p. 16, wrote under the headline "Hoarding of Gold",
"The Executive Order issued by the President yesterday amplifies and
particularizes his earlier warnings against hoarding. On March 6, taking
advantage of a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trading_with_the_Enemy_Act_1917" title="Trading with the Enemy Act 1917">wartime statute</a> that had not been repealed, he issued <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation" title="Presidential Proclamation">Presidential Proclamation</a> <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Proclamation_2039" title="s:Proclamation 2039">2039</a>
that forbade the hoarding 'of gold or silver coin or bullion or
currency,' under penalty of $10,000 and/or up to five to ten years
imprisonment."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The main rationale behind the order was actually to remove the
constraint on the Federal Reserve which prevented it from increasing the
money supply during the depression; the Federal Reserve Act required
40% gold backing of Federal Reserve Notes issued. By the late 1920s, the
Federal Reserve had almost hit the limit of allowable credit (in the
form of Federal Reserve demand notes) that could be backed by the gold
in its possession (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression#Monetarist" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>).
If gold can’t be legally owned, then it can’t be legally redeemed. If
it can’t be legally redeemed, then it can’t constrain the central bank.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Central_Banking_on_a_Gold_Standard_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-Central_Banking_on_a_Gold_Standard-3">[3]</a></sup></span><br />
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<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Effect_of_the_order">Effect of the order</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifh0G-Yu1AXSsxkW_X__e2APna0GZGAlXo2pyFHhVp9ywUniOfNoft7CvoruXGgibNR8tgVcxHSHOY9w5Q8TuoNXwbjAUL9e6ipt2vLBsX-obh4oqNTst2WCUjZK26S7l_0SVxuiPv6LA/s1600/Executive_Order_6102%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifh0G-Yu1AXSsxkW_X__e2APna0GZGAlXo2pyFHhVp9ywUniOfNoft7CvoruXGgibNR8tgVcxHSHOY9w5Q8TuoNXwbjAUL9e6ipt2vLBsX-obh4oqNTst2WCUjZK26S7l_0SVxuiPv6LA/s1600/Executive_Order_6102%5B1%5D.jpg" /></a></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-size: large;">Executive Order 6102 required all persons to deliver on or before May 1, 1933, all but a small amount of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_coin" title="Gold coin">gold coin</a>, gold <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullion" title="Bullion">bullion</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_certificates" title="Gold certificates">gold certificates</a> owned by them to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a>, in exchange for $20.67 (equivalent to $376.58 today<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inflation-US_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-inflation-US-4">[4]</a></sup>) per <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_ounce" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a>. Under the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trading_with_the_Enemy_Act_1917" title="Trading with the Enemy Act 1917">Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917</a>, as amended by the recently passed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Banking_Act" title="Emergency Banking Act">Emergency Banking Act</a> of March 9, 1933, violation of the order was punishable by fine up to $10,000 (equivalent to $182,185 today<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inflation-US_4-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-inflation-US-4">[4]</a></sup>) or up to ten years in prison, or both.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Order 6102 specifically exempted "customary use in industry,
profession or art"—a provision that covered artists, jewellers,
dentists, and sign makers among others. The order further permitted any
person to own up to $100 in gold coins (a face value equivalent to 5
troy ounces (160 g) of gold valued at about $6,655 in 2014). </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The same
paragraph also exempted "gold coins having recognized special value to
collectors of rare and unusual coins." This protected recognized gold
coin collections from legal seizure and likely melting.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The price of gold from the Treasury for international transactions was thereafter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act" title="Gold Reserve Act">raised</a> to $35 an ounce ($587 in 2010 dollars). The resulting profit that the government realized funded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_Stabilization_Fund" title="Exchange Stabilization Fund">Exchange Stabilization Fund</a> established by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act" title="Gold Reserve Act">Gold Reserve Act</a> in 1934.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">The regulations prescribed within Executive Order <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102" title="s:Executive Order 6102">6102</a> were modified by Executive Order <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6111" title="s:Executive Order 6111">6111</a> of April 20, 1933, both of which were ultimately revoked and superseded by Executive Orders <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6260" title="s:Executive Order 6260">6260</a> and 6261 of August 28 and 29, 1933, respectively.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Executive Order 6102 also led to the ultra-rarity of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933_Double_Eagle" title="1933 Double Eagle">1933 Double Eagle</a>
gold coin. The order caused all gold coin production to cease and all
1933 minted coins to be destroyed. About 20 illegal coins were stolen,
leading to a standing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> warrant for arrest and confiscation of the coin. A legalized coin sold for over 7.5 million dollars, making it one<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> of the most valuable coins in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></span><br />
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<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Prosecutions_related_to_Executive_Order_6102">Prosecutions related to Executive Order 6102</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Numerous individuals and companies were prosecuted related to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">President Roosevelt's</a> Executive Order 6102. The prosecutions took place under subsequent Executive Orders 6111,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> 6260,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> 6261<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act_of_1934" title="Gold Reserve Act of 1934">Gold Reserve Act of 1934</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">There was a need to strengthen Executive Order 6102, as the one prosecution under the order was ruled invalid by federal judge <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Woolsey" title="John M. Woolsey">John M. Woolsey</a>, on the grounds that the order was signed by the President, not the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> as required.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">The circumstances of the case were that a New York attorney, Frederick Barber Campbell, had on deposit at <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chase_National_Bank" title="Chase National Bank">Chase National</a>
over 5,000 troy ounces (160 kg) of gold. When Campbell attempted to
withdraw the gold Chase refused and Campbell sued Chase. A federal
prosecutor then indicted Campbell on the following day (September 27,
1933) for failing to surrender his gold.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Ultimately, the prosecution of Campbell failed, but the authority of
the federal government to seize gold was upheld, and Campbell's gold was
confiscated.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">The case was cause for the Roosevelt administration to issue a new order under the signature of the Secretary of the Treasury, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau,_Jr." title="Henry Morgenthau, Jr.">Henry Morgenthau, Jr.</a>, which was in force for a few months until the passage of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act" title="Gold Reserve Act">Gold Reserve Act</a> on January 30, 1934.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">President Roosevelt issued new Executive Orders <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6260" title="s:Executive Order 6260">6260</a>, <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6261" title="s:Executive Order 6261">6261</a> related to the seizure of gold and the prosecution of gold hoarders: also the Congress passed the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act_of_1934" title="Gold Reserve Act of 1934">Gold Reserve Act of 1934</a>. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Prosecutions of U.S. citizens and non citizens followed the new orders.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Gus Farber, a diamond and jewelry merchant from San Francisco, was
prosecuted for the sale of thirteen $20 gold coins without a license.
Secret Service agents discovered the sale with the help of the buyer.
Farber, his father, and 12 others were also arrested in four American
cities after a sting conducted by the United States Secret Service. The
arrests took place simultaneously in New York and three California
cities, San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Morris Anolik was arrested
in New York with $5000 in U.S. and foreign gold coins. Dan Levin and
Edward Friedman of San Jose were arrested with $15,000 in gold. Sam
Nankin was arrested in Oakland. In San Francisco, nine men were arrested
on charges of hoarding gold. In all, $24,000 in gold was seized by
Secret Service Agents.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">David Baraban and his son Jacob Baraban owned a refining company. The
Barabans' license to deal in unmelted scrap gold was revoked, so the
Barabans operated their refining business under a license issued to a
Minnie Sarch. The Barabans admitted that Minnie Sarch had nothing to do
with the business, and that she had obtained the license so that the
Barabans could continue to deal in gold. The Barabans had a cigar box
full of gold-filled scrap jewelry visible in one of the showcases.
Government agents raided the Barabans' business and found another hidden
box of U.S. and foreign gold coins. The coins were seized and Baraban
was charged with conspiracy to defraud the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">In 1934, Congress passed the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act_of_1934" title="Gold Reserve Act of 1934">Gold Reserve Act of 1934</a>
which ratified President Roosevelt's orders. A new set of Treasury
regulations was issued providing civil penalties of confiscation of all
gold and imposition of fines equal to double the value of the gold
seized. Louis Ruffino was one individual who was indicted on three
counts purporting to charge violations of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trading_with_the_Enemy_Act_of_1917" title="Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917">Trading With The Enemy Act</a>. Eventually, Ruffino appealed<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
the conviction to the Circuit Court of Appeals 9th District in 1940;
however, the judgment of the lower courts was upheld based on the
President’s executive orders and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act_of_1934" title="Gold Reserve Act of 1934">Gold Reserve Act of 1934</a>.
Ruffino, a resident of Sutter Creek in California-gold country, was
convicted of possessing 78 ounces of gold and was sentenced to 6 months
in jail, paid a $500 fine, and had his gold seized.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<span style="font-size: large;">Foreigners also had gold confiscated, and were forced to accept paper
money for their gold. The Uebersee Finanz-Korporation, a Swiss banking
company, had $1,250,000 in gold coins for business use. The Uebersee
Finanz-Korporation entrusted the gold to an American firm for
safekeeping. The Swiss were shocked to find that their gold was
confiscated. The Swiss made appeals, but those appeals were denied. The
Swiss were entitled to paper money – but not their gold. Of course,
after the gold was seized, there was a 1934 overnight increase of the
price of gold from $20.67 per ounce to $35 per ounce. The Swiss company
lost 40% of their gold's value if they tried to buy the same amount of
gold with the paper money they received in exchange for their
confiscated gold.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Another type of de facto gold seizure occurred as a result of the various Executive Orders and it involved bonds, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_certificate" title="Gold certificate">gold certificates</a>
and private contracts. Private contracts or bonds which were written in
terms of gold were to be paid in paper currency instead of gold. This
was in spite of the fact that these contracts and bonds all proclaimed
that they were payable in gold, and at least one, the fourth <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Bond" title="Liberty Bond">Liberty Bond</a>,
was a federal instrument. The plaintiffs in all cases received paper
money instead of (the contract terms') gold. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The contracts and bonds
were written precisely to avoid currency debasement by requiring payment
in gold coin. The paper money which was redeemable in gold was instead
irredeemable based on <i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nortz_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nortz v. United States (page does not exist)">Nortz v. United States</a></i>, 294 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/294/317/" rel="nofollow">317</a> (1935). The consolidated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Clause_Cases" title="Gold Clause Cases">Gold Clause Cases</a> were:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_v._United_States" title="Perry v. United States">Perry v. United States</a></i>, 294 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/294/330/" rel="nofollow">330</a> (1935)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">U.S. v Bankers Trust Co. 1935<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norman_v._Baltimore_%26_Ohio_R._Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co. (page does not exist)">Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co.</a></i>, 294 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/294/240/" rel="nofollow">240</a> (1935)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nortz_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nortz v. United States (page does not exist)">Nortz v. United States</a></i>, 294 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/294/317/" rel="nofollow">317</a> (1935)</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The Supreme Court upheld all seizures as constitutional with Justices
McReynolds, Van Devanter, Sutherland, and Butler dissenting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Abrogation_and_subsequent_events">Abrogation and subsequent events</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Reserve_Act" title="Gold Reserve Act">Gold Reserve Act</a> of 1934 made <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_clause" title="Gold clause">gold clauses</a>
unenforceable, and changed the value of gold from $20.67 to $35 per
ounce, thereby devaluing the US dollar, since the dollar was gold-based.
This price remained in effect until August 15, 1971, when President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> announced that the United States would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, thus abandoning the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> for foreign exchange (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_Shock" title="Nixon Shock">Nixon Shock</a>).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The private ownership of gold certificates was legalized in 1964.
They can be openly owned by collectors but are not redeemable in gold.
The limitation on gold ownership in the U.S. was repealed after
President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> signed a bill to <i>"permit United States citizens to purchase, hold, sell, or otherwise deal with gold in the United States or abroad"</i> with an act of Congress codified in <a class="external text" href="http://legislink.org/us/pl-93-373" rel="nofollow">Pub.L. 93–373</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> which went into effect December 31, 1974. P.L. 93-373 did not repeal the Gold Repeal Joint Resolution,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> which made unlawful any contracts that specified payment in a fixed amount of money as gold <i>or</i>
a fixed amount of gold. That is, contracts remained unenforceable if
they used gold monetarily rather than as a commodity of trade. However,
Act of Oct. 28, 1977, Pub. L. No. 95-147, § 4(c), 91 Stat. 1227, 1229
(originally codified at 31 U.S.C. § 463 note, recodified as amended at
31 U.S.C. § 5118(d)(2)) amended the 1933 Joint Resolution and made it
clear that parties could again include so-called gold clauses in
contracts formed after 1977.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Hoax_of_safe_deposit_box_seizures">Hoax of safe deposit box seizures</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">According to a hoax, Roosevelt ordered all the safe deposit boxes in
the country seized and searched for gold by an I.R.S. official. A
typical example reads:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<span style="font-size: large;">By Executive Order Of The President of The United States, March 9, 1933.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<span style="font-size: large;">By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 5 (b) of the Act
of October 6, 1917, as amended by Section 2 of the Act of March 9, 1933,
in which Congress declared that a serious emergency exists, I as
President, do declare that the national emergency still exists; that the
continued private hoarding of gold and silver by subjects of the United
States poses a grave threat to the peace, equal justice, and well-being
of the United States; and that appropriate measures must be taken
immediately to protect the interests of our people.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"></span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<span style="font-size: large;">Therefore ... I hereby proclaim that such gold and silver holdings
are prohibited, and that all such coin, bullion or other possessions of
gold and silver be tendered within fourteen days to agents of the
Government ... for compensation at the official price, in the legal
tender of the Government.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<span style="font-size: large;">All safe deposit boxes in banks or financial institutions have been
sealed ... All sales or purchases or movements of such gold and silver
... are hereby prohibited.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<span style="font-size: large;">Your possession ... and/or safe deposit box to store them is known by
the government from bank and insurance records. Therefore ... your
vault box must remain sealed, and may only be opened in the presence of
an agent of the Internal Revenue Service.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">By lawful order ..., the President of the United States.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The first known reference to this hoax was in the book <i>After the Crash - Life In the New Great Depression</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
That text refers only to gold, not to silver, which was added by 1998
to Internet references. It claims to be an Executive Order, yet whoever
wrote the text wrote it to apply to specific individuals (e.g. "Your
possession"), so if the text did originate from the government, it would
have been sent to individuals, not published as an Executive Order. The
first paragraph starts with the actual text of Executive Order 6102,
then edits it slightly (e.g. changing "said national emergency" to "a
national emergency" and "still continues to exist" to "still exists"),
and then adds apparently made-up text. Due to the minor edits and how
the real text and fake text are combined mid-sentence, it is almost
certainly an intentionally designed hoax rather than an accident.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">Most of this text does not appear in the actual Executive Order.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
In fact, safe deposit boxes held by individuals were not forcibly
searched or seized under the order and the few prosecutions that
occurred in the 1930s for gold "hoarding" were executed under different
statutes. One of the few such cases occurred in 1936, when a safe
deposit box containing over 10,000 troy ounces (310 kg) of gold
belonging to Zelik Josefowitz, who was not a U.S. citizen, was seized
with a search warrant as part of a tax evasion prosecution.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">The U.S. Treasury came into possession of a large number of safe
deposit boxes due to bank failures. During the 1930s, over 3,000 banks
failed and the contents of their safe deposit boxes were remanded to the
custody of the Treasury. If no one claimed the box, it remained in the
possession of the Treasury. In October 1981, there were 1,605 cardboard
cartons in the basement of the Treasury, each carton containing the
contents of one unclaimed safe deposit box.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Similar_laws_in_other_countries">Similar laws in other countries</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-size: large;">In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, part IV of the <i>Banking Act 1959</i> allows the Commonwealth government to seize private citizens' gold in return for paper money where the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> "is satisfied that it is expedient so to do, for the protection of the currency or of the public credit of the Commonwealth."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> On January 30, 1976, this part's operation was "suspended".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">Fiat money</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_bug" title="Gold bug">Gold bug</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Clause_Cases" title="Gold Clause Cases">Gold Clause Cases</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Banking_Act" title="Emergency Banking Act">Emergency Banking Act</a> March 9, 1933</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6814" title="Executive Order 6814">Executive Order 6814</a>, a similar Order pertaining to silver, signed in 1934</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" id="mw-content-text" lang="en">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<li id="cite_note-1"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. April 5, 1933.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.date=April+5%2C+1933&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span> <span class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code style="border: inherit; color: inherit; padding: inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0B12FD3F5C16738DDDAF0894DC405B838FF1D3" rel="nofollow">"Hoarding of Gold"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 6, 1933. p. 16.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Hoarding+of+Gold&rft.date=April+6%2C+1933&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFB0B12FD3F5C16738DDDAF0894DC405B838FF1D3&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.pages=16&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Central_Banking_on_a_Gold_Standard-3"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Central_Banking_on_a_Gold_Standard-3"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a class="external text" href="http://www.philosophicaleconomics.com/2014/07/goldstandard/" rel="nofollow">"How Money and Banking Work On a Gold Standard"</a>. Philosophical Economics. 28 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2014</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=How+Money+and+Banking+Work+On+a+Gold+Standard&rft.date=28+July+2014&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philosophicaleconomics.com%2F2014%2F07%2Fgoldstandard%2F&rft.pub=Philosophical+Economics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-inflation-US-4"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-inflation-US-4"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a class="external text" href="http://www.minneapolisfed.org/community_education/teacher/calc/hist1800.cfm" rel="nofollow">Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2014</a>. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved February 27, 2014.</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1938). <a class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=ppotpus;cc=ppotpus;q1=August%2028%2C%201933;rgn=full%20text;idno=4925381.1933.001;didno=4925381.1933.001;view=image;seq=00000382" rel="nofollow"><i>Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Volume II, The Year of Crisis, 1933</i></a>. New York: Random House. p. 352. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/690922370" rel="nofollow">690922370</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.aufirst=Franklin+D.&rft.aulast=Roosevelt&rft.au=Roosevelt%2C+Franklin+D.&rft.btitle=Public+Papers+and+Addresses+of+Franklin+D.+Roosevelt%2C+Volume+II%2C+The+Year+of+Crisis%2C+1933&rft.date=1938&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dppotpus%3Bcc%3Dppotpus%3Bq1%3DAugust%252028%252C%25201933%3Brgn%3Dfull%2520text%3Bidno%3D4925381.1933.001%3Bdidno%3D4925381.1933.001%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bseq%3D00000382&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F690922370&rft.pages=352&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/53557/10-most-expensive-coins-and-banknotes-world" rel="nofollow">"The 10 most expensive coins and banknotes in the world"</a>. <i><a class="external free" href="http://mentalfloss.com/" rel="nofollow">http://mentalfloss.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2014</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=The+10+most+expensive+coins+and+banknotes+in+the+world&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F53557%2F10-most-expensive-coins-and-banknotes-world&rft.jtitle=http%3A%2F%2Fmentalfloss.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/01/rare-silver-dollar-coin-sets-world-record-auction-price/" rel="nofollow">"Rare silver dollar coin sets world record auction price"</a>. <i><a class="external free" href="http://abcnews.go.com/" rel="nofollow">http://abcnews.go.com</a></i>. ABC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2014</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Rare+silver+dollar+coin+sets+world+record+auction+price&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Fheadlines%2F2013%2F01%2Frare-silver-dollar-coin-sets-world-record-auction-price%2F&rft.jtitle=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6111">"Executive Order 6111 - Wikisource, the free online library"</a>. En.wikisource.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+6111+-+Wikisource%2C+the+free+online+library&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FExecutive_Order_6111&rft.pub=En.wikisource.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6260">"Executive Order 6260 - Wikisource, the free online library"</a>. En.wikisource.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+6260+-+Wikisource%2C+the+free+online+library&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FExecutive_Order_6260&rft.pub=En.wikisource.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6261">"Executive Order 6261 - Wikisource, the free online library"</a>. En.wikisource.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+6261+-+Wikisource%2C+the+free+online+library&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FExecutive_Order_6261&rft.pub=En.wikisource.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal"><a class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,746366,00.html" rel="nofollow">"Sequels"</a>. <i>Time</i>. November 27, 1933.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Sequels&rft.date=November+27%2C+1933&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C746366%2C00.html&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-12"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal"><a class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,882486,00.html" rel="nofollow">"Gold Indictment No. 1"</a>. <i>Time</i>. October 9, 1933.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Gold+Indictment+No.+1&rft.date=October+9%2C+1933&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C882486%2C00.html&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-13"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gupPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=klQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5059,3562795&dq=13+men+fall+into+trap+of+secret+service+agents+in+four+cities&hl=en" rel="nofollow">"Bootleg Gold Ring Smashed in California: 13 Men Are Accused Of Violating Federal Restrictions"</a>. <i>The Evening Independent</i>. April 13, 1939.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Bootleg+Gold+Ring+Smashed+in+California%3A+13+Men+Are+Accused+Of+Violating+Federal+Restrictions&rft.date=April+13%2C+1939&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DgupPAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DklQDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5059%2C3562795%26dq%3D13%2Bmen%2Bfall%2Binto%2Btrap%2Bof%2Bsecret%2Bservice%2Bagents%2Bin%2Bfour%2Bcities%26hl%3Den&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Independent&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://ny.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19380110_0040347.C02.htm/qx" rel="nofollow">"FindACase | United States v. Scrap"</a>. Ny.findacase.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=FindACase%C2%99+%26%23124%3B+United+States+v.+Scrap&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fny.findacase.com%2Fresearch%2FwfrmDocViewer.aspx%2Fxq%2Ffac.19380110_0040347.C02.htm%2Fqx&rft.pub=Ny.findacase.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-15"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/ca9/pdf/govuscourtsca9briefs2201.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/ca9/pdf/govuscourtsca9briefs2201.pdf</a></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-16"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=1940810114F2d696_1660.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985" rel="nofollow">"Ruffino V. United States"</a>. Leagle.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=Ruffino+V.+United+States&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leagle.com%2FxmlResult.aspx%3Fxmldoc%3D1940810114F2d696_1660.xml%26docbase%3DCSLWAR1-1950-1985&rft.pub=Leagle.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-17"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=193630883F2d225_1237.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985" rel="nofollow">"Uebersee Finanz-Korporation, Etc. V. Rosen"</a>. Leagle.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=Uebersee+Finanz-Korporation%2C+Etc.+V.+Rosen&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leagle.com%2FxmlResult.aspx%3Fxmldoc%3D193630883F2d225_1237.xml%26docbase%3DCSLWAR1-1950-1985&rft.pub=Leagle.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=294&invol=240" rel="nofollow">"FindLaw | Cases and Codes"</a>. Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=FindLaw+%26%23124%3B+Cases+and+Codes&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.lp.findlaw.com%2Fscripts%2Fgetcase.pl%3Fcourt%3Dus%26vol%3D294%26invol%3D240&rft.pub=Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-19"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/294/330/case.html" rel="nofollow">"Perry v. United States - 294 U.S. 330 (1935) :: Justia US Supreme Court Center"</a>. Supreme.justia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-30</span></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=Perry+v.+United+States+-+294+U.S.+330+%281935%29+%3A%3A+Justia+US+Supreme+Court+Center&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupreme.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fus%2F294%2F330%2Fcase.html&rft.pub=Supreme.justia.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-20"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1974"><a class="external text" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg445.pdf" rel="nofollow"><i>Public Law 93-373</i></a> (PDF), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Printing_Office" title="Government Printing Office">Government Printing Office</a>, August 14, 1974</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.btitle=Public+Law+93-373&rft.date=August+14%2C+1974&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FSTATUTE-88%2Fpdf%2FSTATUTE-88-Pg445.pdf&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-21"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">United State Congress (August 14, 1974). <a class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d093:SN02665:@@@L&summ2=m&%7CTOM:/bss/d093query.html%7C" rel="nofollow">"An
Act to provide for increased participation by the United States in the
International Development Association and to permit United States
citizens to purchase, hold, sell, or otherwise deal with gold in the
United States or abroad"</a>. <a class="external text" href="http://legislink.org/us/pl-93-373" rel="nofollow">Pub.L. 93–373</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.aulast=United+State+Congress&rft.au=United+State+Congress&rft.btitle=An+Act+to+provide+for+increased+participation+by+the+United+States+in+the+International+Development+Association+and+to+permit+United+States+citizens+to+purchase%2C+hold%2C+sell%2C+or+otherwise+deal+with+gold+in+the+United+States+or+abroad&rft.date=August+14%2C+1974&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbdquery%2Fz%3Fd093%3ASN02665%3A%40%40%40L%26summ2%3Dm%26%257CTOM%3A%2Fbss%2Fd093query.html%257C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-22"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/5000-200.html" rel="nofollow">"Statements of Policy: Gold"</a>. <i>FDIC Law, Regulations, Related Acts</i>. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Statements+of+Policy%3A+Gold&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdic.gov%2Fregulations%2Flaws%2Frules%2F5000-200.html&rft.jtitle=FDIC+Law%2C+Regulations%2C+Related+Acts&rft.pub=Federal+Deposit+Insurance+Corporation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-23"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">United States Congress (June 5, 1933). <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gold_Repeal_Joint_Resolution">"Gold Repeal Joint Resolution"</a>. 48 Stat. 112, Chapter 48, H.J.Res. 192.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.aulast=United+States+Congress&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft.btitle=Gold+Repeal+Joint+Resolution&rft.date=June+5%2C+1933&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FGold_Repeal_Joint_Resolution&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-24"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co.</i></cite>, <a class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/294/240/case.html#F1" rel="nofollow">294 U.S. 240</a> (1935).</span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-25"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><cite><i>216 Jamaica Avenue, LLC v. S & R Playhouse Realty Co.</i></cite>, <a class="external text" href="http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/08a0322p-06.pdf" rel="nofollow">540 F.3d 433</a> (United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit 2008).</span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-26"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text">(After the Crash - Life In the New Great Depression, Michael Haga, Acclaim Publishing Co., 1996, pp193-194)</span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-27"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Roosevelt, Franklin D. (April 5, 1933). <a class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14611" rel="nofollow">"Executive Order 6102: Requiring Gold Coin, Gold Bullion and Gold Certificates to Be Delivered to the Government"</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.aufirst=Franklin+D.&rft.aulast=Roosevelt&rft.au=Roosevelt%2C+Franklin+D.&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+6102%3A+Requiring+Gold+Coin%2C+Gold+Bullion+and+Gold+Certificates+to+Be+Delivered+to+the+Government&rft.date=April+5%2C+1933&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D14611&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-28"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal"><a class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,847704,00.html" rel="nofollow">"Josefowitz Gold"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_%28magazine%29" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. March 2, 1936.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Josefowitz+Gold&rft.date=March+2%2C+1936&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C847704%2C00.html&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-29"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Apcar, Leonard M. (October 15, 1981). <a class="external text" href="http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/wsj/access/170234862.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Oct+15%2C+1981&author=&pub=Wall+Street+Journal+%281923+-+Current+file%29&edition=&startpage=1&type=historic&desc=Treasury%27s+Vaults+Disgorge+Treasures+From+the+Depression" rel="nofollow">"Treasury's
Vaults Disgorge Treasures from the Depression: Memorabilia, Valuables
Taken When Banks Were Closed May Be Opened For Claims"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Treasury%27s+Vaults+Disgorge+Treasures+from+the+Depression%3A+Memorabilia%2C+Valuables+Taken+When+Banks+Were+Closed+May+Be+Opened+For+Claims&rft.au=Apcar%2C+Leonard+M.&rft.aufirst=Leonard+M.&rft.aulast=Apcar&rft.date=October+15%2C+1981&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Fwsj%2Faccess%2F170234862.html%3FFMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AAI%26date%3DOct%2B15%252C%2B1981%26author%3D%26pub%3DWall%2BStreet%2BJournal%2B%25281923%2B-%2BCurrent%2Bfile%2529%26edition%3D%26startpage%3D1%26type%3Dhistoric%26desc%3DTreasury%2527s%2BVaults%2BDisgorge%2BTreasures%2BFrom%2Bthe%2BDepression&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-30"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Parliament of Australia (1959). <a class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ba195972/index.html#s40" rel="nofollow">"Banking Act 1959"</a>. <i>Commonwealth Consolidated Acts</i>. Commonwealth of Australia.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=Banking+Act+1959&rft.aulast=Parliament+of+Australia&rft.au=Parliament+of+Australia&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fcth%2Fconsol_act%2Fba195972%2Findex.html%23s40&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+Consolidated+Acts&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></li>
<br />
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-31" value="31"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Suchecki, Bron (August 4, 2008). <a class="external text" href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com/2008/08/history-of-gold-controls-in-australia.html" rel="nofollow">"A History of Gold Controls in Australia"</a>. <i>Gold Chat</i>. Self-published.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExecutive+Order+6102&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Gold+Controls+in+Australia&rft.aufirst=Bron&rft.aulast=Suchecki&rft.au=Suchecki%2C+Bron&rft.date=August+4%2C+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoldchat.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F08%2Fhistory-of-gold-controls-in-australia.html&rft.jtitle=Gold+Chat&rft.pub=Self-published&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
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<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14611&st=&st1=" rel="nofollow">Text of Executive Order 6102</a> from The American Presidency Project.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.knology.net/%7Ebilrum/fdrgoldaudio.htm" rel="nofollow">1933 <b>Audio</b> of FDR's Banking Crisis Fireside Chat</a></span></li>
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<li class="nv-view"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:New_Deal" title="Template:New Deal"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: medium none;" title="View this template">v</span></a></span></li>
<li class="nv-talk"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:New_Deal" title="Template talk:New Deal"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: medium none;" title="Discuss this template">t</span></a></span></li>
<li class="nv-edit"><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:New_Deal&action=edit"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border: medium none;" title="Edit this template">e</span></a></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a></span></div>
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<th class="navbox-group" scope="row"><span style="font-size: large;">Causes and legacy</span></th>
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<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal Coalition</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_Trust" title="Brain Trust">Brain Trust</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Liberty_League" title="American Liberty League">American Liberty League</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_critics_of_the_New_Deal" title="List of critics of the New Deal">Criticism</a></span></li>
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<th class="navbox-group" scope="row"><span style="font-size: large;">New Deal</span></th>
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<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Banking_Act" title="Emergency Banking Act">Emergency Banking Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_Act" title="Economy Act">Economy Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act">Agricultural Adjustment Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Works_Administration" title="Civil Works Administration">Civil Works Administration</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934" title="Communications Act of 1934">Communications Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b class="selflink">Executive Order 6102</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeowners_Refinancing_Act" title="Homeowners Refinancing Act">Homeowners Refinancing Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_Credit_Administration" title="Farm Credit Administration">Farm Credit Administration</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Relief_Administration" title="Federal Emergency Relief Administration">Federal Emergency Relief Administration</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frazier%E2%80%93Lemke_Farm_Bankruptcy_Act" title="Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act">Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" title="Glass–Steagall Act">Glass–Steagall Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act" title="National Industrial Recovery Act">National Industrial Recovery Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Housing_Act_of_1934" title="National Housing Act of 1934">National Housing Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Recovery_Administration" title="National Recovery Administration">National Recovery Administration</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Youth_Administration" title="National Youth Administration">National Youth Administration</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Works_Administration" title="Public Works Administration">Public Works Administration (PWA)</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Works_of_Art_Project" title="Public Works of Art Project">Public Works of Art Project</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_Tariff_Act" title="Reciprocal Tariff Act">Reciprocal Tariff Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_Retirement_Act" title="Railroad Retirement Act">Railroad Retirement Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securities_Act_of_1933" title="Securities Act of 1933">Securities Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)</a></span></li>
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<th class="navbox-group" scope="row"><span style="font-size: large;">Second New Deal</span></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;">
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<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration (WPA)</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Art_Project" title="Federal Art Project">Federal Art Project</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Energy_Regulatory_Commission" title="Federal Energy Regulatory Commission">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Project_Number_One" title="Federal Project Number One">Federal Project Number One</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_Security_Administration" title="Farm Security Administration">Farm Security Administration</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_Procedures_Reform_Act" title="Judicial Procedures Reform Act">Judicial Procedures Reform Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guffey_Coal_Act" title="Guffey Coal Act">National Bituminous Coal Conservation Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act" title="National Labor Relations Act">Act</a>)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act" title="Rural Electrification Act">Rural Electrification Act</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Electrification Administration</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_%28United_States%29" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Housing_Authority" title="United States Housing Authority">United States Housing Authority</a></span></li>
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Charleston Voicehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574090041647133840noreply@blogger.com